An animated electrophysiology map is generated from a plurality of data points, each including measured electrophysiology information, location information, and timing information. The electrophysiology and location information can be used to generate the electrophysiology map, such as a local activation time, peak-to-peak voltage, or fractionation map. Animated timing markers can be superimposed upon the electrophysiology map using the electrophysiology, location, and timing information. For example a series of frames can be displayed sequentially, each including a static image of the electrophysiology map at a point in time and timing markers corresponding to the state or position of an activation wavefront at the point in time superimposed thereon. The visibility or opacity of the timing markers can be adjusted from frame to frame, dependent upon a distance between the timing marker and the activation wavefront, to give the illusion that the timing markers are moving along the electrophysiology map.

A method for mapping atrial fibrillation (AF) in a heart, the method includes receiving an electrogram (EGM) signal, which is acquired at a given position in the heart, and is exhibiting the AF. Two or more primary peaks are identified in the EGM signal, and a cycle length (CL) is calculated between adjacent primary peaks. One or more secondary peaks are identified in the EGM signal within the CL. A local fragmentation index (FI) that is indicative of a number of the secondary peaks per CL, is calculated. The local FI is visualized on a map of at least part of the heart.

A system includes a vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) device configured to deliver a vagus nerve stimulation signal having an ON-period status and an OFF-period status, and a processor and a non-transitory computer readable memory. The memory stores instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the system to synchronously record a first ECG profile of during the ON-period status and a second ECG profile during the OFF-period status, determine heart rate dynamics from the first and second ECG profiles, the heart rate dynamics including a plurality of R-R intervals in each ECG profile, generate display data configured to be displayed on a display, and transmit the display data to the display. The display data includes the R-R intervals for each of the first and second ECG profiles. The display data further includes a Poincar plot.

A system includes a vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) device configured to deliver a vagus nerve stimulation signal having an ON-period status and an OFF-period status, and a processor and a non-transitory computer readable memory. The memory stores instructions that, when executed by the processor, cause the system to synchronously record a first ECG profile of during the ON-period status and a second ECG profile during the OFF-period status, determine heart rate dynamics from the first and second ECG profiles, the heart rate dynamics including a plurality of R-R intervals in each ECG profile, generate display data configured to be displayed on a display, and transmit the display data to the display. The display data includes the R-R intervals for each of the first and second ECG profiles. The display data further includes a Poincar plot.

A method, including receiving, from electrodes positioned within a heart, first signals from at least three of the electrodes indicating electrical activity in tissue with which the at least three of the electrodes engage, and second signals indicating locations of the at least three electrodes. The second signals are processed to compute the locations of the at least three electrodes and to determine a geometric center of the locations. Based on the signals, an electroanatomical map is generated for an area of the tissue including the geometric center, and an arrhythmia focus is determined in the map. A circle is presented, and within the circle, a region of the map is presented including the geometric center and the focus so that the geometric center on the map aligns with a center of the circle, the region within the circle indicating a spatial relationship between the geometric center and the focus.

A method, including receiving, from electrodes positioned within a heart, first signals from at least three of the electrodes indicating electrical activity in tissue with which the at least three of the electrodes engage, and second signals indicating locations of the at least three electrodes. The second signals are processed to compute the locations of the at least three electrodes and to determine a geometric center of the locations. Based on the signals, an electroanatomical map is generated for an area of the tissue including the geometric center, and an arrhythmia focus is determined in the map. A circle is presented, and within the circle, a region of the map is presented including the geometric center and the focus so that the geometric center on the map aligns with a center of the circle, the region within the circle indicating a spatial relationship between the geometric center and the focus.

A method for mapping atrial fibrillation (AF) in a heart, the method includes receiving an electrogram (EGM) signal, which is acquired at a given position in the heart, and is exhibiting the AF. Two or more primary peaks are identified in the EGM signal, and a cycle length (CL) is calculated between adjacent primary peaks. One or more secondary peaks are identified in the EGM signal within the CL. A local fragmentation index (FI) that is indicative of a number of the secondary peaks per CL, is calculated. The local FI is visualized on a map of at least part of the heart.

An animated electrophysiology map is generated from a plurality of data points, each including measured electrophysiology information, location information, and timing information. The electrophysiology and location information can be used to generate the electrophysiology map, such as a local activation time, peak-to-peak voltage, or fractionation map. Animated timing markers can be superimposed upon the electrophysiology map using the electrophysiology, location, and timing information. For example a series of frames can be displayed sequentially, each including a static image of the electrophysiology map at a point in time and timing markers corresponding to the state or position of an activation wavefront at the point in time superimposed thereon. The visibility or opacity of the timing markers can be adjusted from frame to frame, dependent upon a distance between the timing marker and the activation wavefront, to give the illusion that the timing markers are moving along the electrophysiology map.

A system can include a near-field instrument to be placed inside a chamber of a heart, a far-field instrument to be placed in a stable position in relation to the heart, and a control unit. The control unit is configured to identify a unique pattern in electrogram information received from the far-field instrument when the near-field instrument is in one or more positions within the heart. When the unique pattern is detected, the control unit is configured to receive electrogram information from the near-field instrument. While recording electrogram information from the near-field instrument, the control unit is also configured to record voltage and complex fractionated atrial electrogram (CFAE) characteristics of the tissue inside a heart chamber. This information combined with rotor information can be used to identify substrate versus non-substrate rotor characteristics.

A method includes receiving multiple electrophysiological (EP) signals acquired by multiple electrodes of a multi-electrode catheter that are in contact with tissue in a region of a cardiac chamber, and respective tissue locations at which the electrodes acquired the EP signals. The region is divided into two sections. Using the EP signals acquired by the electrodes, local activation times (LAT) are calculated for the respective tissue locations, and found are: a first section of the two sections having a smaller average LAT value, and a second section of the two sections having a higher average value. Determined are a first representative location in the first section, and a second representative location in the second section. A propagation vector is calculated between the first and second representative locations, that is indicative of propagation of an EP wave that has generated the EP signals. The propagation vector is presented to a user.