A system for monitoring includes: multiple EEG sensors spatially positioned on a layer of tissue for capturing EEG signals of a patient; multiple amplifiers coupled with the EEG sensors for amplifying the captured signals; and a low frequency oscillator for generating a synchronizing signal which is distributed to the amplifiers for synchronizing the digitization of the captured signals; wherein each amplifier includes: a voltage controlled oscillator for an adjustable frequency reference; an analog to digital converter for converting the amplified signal to a digital value; and a microcontroller for controlling the frequency of the voltage controlled oscillator and operation of the analog to digital converter by using the synchronizing signal.

A system for monitoring includes: multiple EEG sensors spatially positioned on a layer of tissue for capturing EEG signals of a patient; multiple amplifiers coupled with the EEG sensors for amplifying the captured signals; and a low frequency oscillator for generating a synchronizing signal which is distributed to the amplifiers for synchronizing the digitization of the captured signals; wherein each amplifier includes: a voltage controlled oscillator for an adjustable frequency reference; an analog to digital converter for converting the amplified signal to a digital value; and a microcontroller for controlling the frequency of the voltage controlled oscillator and operation of the analog to digital converter by using the synchronizing signal.

A method of deriving depth EEG data from non-invasive 2D EEG data is described. The method receives several EEG scalp signals, each of which is produced by a contact of an EEG recording device. The method converts each EEG scalp signal into multiple frequency band signals. The method identifies a set of contacts that have similar signal fragments in frequency band signals for a particular frequency band. The method determines relative time delay in frequency band signal arrival at the set of contacts. The method determines relative radius of sphere for the set of contacts based on the relative time delay in frequency band signal arrival at the set of contacts. The method then determines a signal source location by performing trilateration on the set of contacts using locations of the set of contacts and the relative radius of sphere for the set of contacts.

Systems and method may be used for interfacing with a patient. Systems may include a plurality of electrodes in electrical communication with a processor. The processor may be configured to receive sense signals from electrodes and to determine the reliability of the received signal. A test tone signal comprising a test tone frequency may be applied, and the magnitude of the test tone frequency may be analyzed in the received signal. If it is determined that the magnitude of the test tone frequency is below a threshold, the system may take action, such as lowering the gain on an amplifier. Stimulation signals may be applied to the patient at a stimulation frequency simultaneously with one or both of receiving sense signals and providing the test tone signal.

Systems and method may be used for interfacing with a patient. Systems may include a plurality of electrodes in electrical communication with a processor. The processor may be configured to receive sense signals from electrodes and to determine the reliability of the received signal. A test tone signal comprising a test tone frequency may be applied, and the magnitude of the test tone frequency may be analyzed in the received signal. If it is determined that the magnitude of the test tone frequency is below a threshold, the system may take action, such as lowering the gain on an amplifier. Stimulation signals may be applied to the patient at a stimulation frequency simultaneously with one or both of receiving sense signals and providing the test tone signal.

A device and a signal processing method that can be used with a device to recognize and distinguish a physiological high-frequency oscillation (HFO) from a pathological high-frequency oscillation. The signal processing method detects a physiological HFO in the electrical brain signal one regimen of electrical or optogenetic brain stimulation can be triggered, alternatively if the method detects a pathological HFO associated with epilepsy a different regimen of electrical or optogenetic brain stimulation can be triggered. Thus, the signal processing method can be utilized in a closed loop brain stimulation device that serves the dual purpose of both enhancing memory encoding, consolidation, and recall, or improving cognition, and reducing the probability of a seizure in a patient with epilepsy.

A device and a signal processing method that can be used with a device to recognize and distinguish a physiological high-frequency oscillation (HFO) from a pathological high-frequency oscillation. The signal processing method detects a physiological HFO in the electrical brain signal one regimen of electrical or optogenetic brain stimulation can be triggered, alternatively if the method detects a pathological HFO associated with epilepsy a different regimen of electrical or optogenetic brain stimulation can be triggered. Thus, the signal processing method can be utilized in a closed loop brain stimulation device that serves the dual purpose of both enhancing memory encoding, consolidation, and recall, or improving cognition, and reducing the probability of a seizure in a patient with epilepsy.

Central nervous (“CNS”) health in subjects who have human immunodeficiency virus (“HIV”) or non-human-species analogs thereof is 102 evaluated or otherwise monitored by analyzing frequency following response (“FFR”). In general, one or more components of an FFR are analyzed, The FFR is measured in response to the administration of an acoustic stimulus to the subject. The acoustic stimulus includes a complex sound, which may include a consonant and a consonant-to-vowel transition. An indication of CNS health can be generated by measuring changes in the FFR components (e.g., over time or relative to normative data).

Central nervous (“CNS”) health in subjects who have human immunodeficiency virus (“HIV”) or non-human-species analogs thereof is 102 evaluated or otherwise monitored by analyzing frequency following response (“FFR”). In general, one or more components of an FFR are analyzed, The FFR is measured in response to the administration of an acoustic stimulus to the subject. The acoustic stimulus includes a complex sound, which may include a consonant and a consonant-to-vowel transition. An indication of CNS health can be generated by measuring changes in the FFR components (e.g., over time or relative to normative data).

The present invention is directed to a method for determining a paroxysmal slow waves event (PSWE) so as to determine blood-brain barrier dysfunction (BBBD) or increased risk of developing a neurological disease or disorder in a subject.