Transducer-based systems can be configured to display a graphical representation of a transducer-based device, the graphical representation including graphical elements corresponding to transducers of the transducer-based device, and also including between graphical elements respectively associated with a set of the transducers and respectively associated with a region of space between the transducers of the transducer-based device. Selection of graphical elements and/or between graphical elements can cause activation of the set of transducers associated with the selected elements. Selection of a plurality of graphical elements and/or between graphical elements can cause visual display of a corresponding activation path in the graphical representation. Visual characteristics of graphical elements and between graphical elements can change based on an activation-status of the corresponding transducers. Activation requests for a set of transducers can be denied if it is determined that a transducer in the set of transducers is unacceptable for activation.

Transducer-based systems and methods may be configured to display a graphical representation of a transducer-based device, the graphical representation including graphical elements corresponding to transducers of the transducer-based device, and also including between graphical elements respectively associated with a set of the transducers and respectively associated with a region of space between the transducers of the transducer-based device. Selection of graphical elements and/or between graphical elements can cause activation of the set of transducers associated with the selected elements. Transducer activation characteristics, such as initiation time, activation duration, activation sequence, and energy delivery characteristics, can vary based on numerous factors. Visual characteristics of graphical elements and between graphical elements can change based on an activation-status of the corresponding transducers. Activation requests for a set of transducers can be denied if it is determined that a transducer in the set of transducers is unacceptable for activation.

Methods, apparatus, and systems for medical procedures are disclosed herein and include receiving a first electrical activity at a first time for a plurality of points on an intrabody surface. A first cluster of points is identified from the plurality of points, based on the first electrical activity, the first cluster of points each exhibiting electrical activity above an activity threshold. A second electrical activity is received at a second time for the plurality of points on the intra-body surface. A second cluster of points is identified from the plurality of points, based on the second electrical activity. The first cluster of points and the second cluster of points are determined to be related based on a propagation threshold. A first visual indication for a first propagation route is provided from the first cluster of points to the second cluster of points.

Electrophysiology mapping and visualization systems are described herein where such devices may be used to visualize tissue regions as well as map the electrophysiological activity of the tissue. Such a system may include a deployment catheter and an attached hood deployable into an expanded configuration. In use, the imaging hood is placed against or adjacent to a region of tissue to be imaged in a body lumen that is normally filled with an opaque bodily fluid such as blood. A translucent or transparent fluid, such as saline, can be pumped into the imaging hood until the fluid displaces any blood, thereby leaving a clear region of tissue to be imaged via an imaging element in the deployment catheter. A position of the catheter and/or hood may be tracked and the hood may also be used to detect the electrophysiological activity of the visualized tissue for mapping.

Systems, methods, and devices allow intravascular or percutaneous mapping, orientation and/or ablation, in bodily cavities or lumens. A device includes elongate members, moveable between an unexpanded configuration and an expanded or fanned configuration. The elongate members form a stack in the unexpanded configuration to fit through a catheter sheath. The elongate members follow respective arcuate or curvilinear paths as advanced from the sheath into the bent or coiled stack configuration, adopting volute, scroll or rho shapes, and may be nested. The elongated members are fanned or radially spaced circumferentially with respect to one another into the expanded or fanned configuration. Transducer elements carried by elongate members sense various physiological characteristics of or proximate tissue, and/or may apply energy to or proximate tissue. The elongate members are rotatable in groups or as a group in the expanded configuration. The device is retractable.

Transducer-based systems can be configured to display a graphical representation of a transducer-based device, the graphical representation including graphical elements corresponding to transducers of the transducer-based device, and also including between graphical elements respectively associated with a set of the transducers and respectively associated with a region of space between the transducers of the transducer-based device. Selection of graphical elements and/or between graphical elements can cause activation of the set of transducers associated with the selected elements. Selection of a plurality of graphical elements and/or between graphical elements can cause visual display of a corresponding activation path in the graphical representation. Visual characteristics of graphical elements and between graphical elements can change based on an activation-status of the corresponding transducers. Activation requests for a set of transducers can be denied if it is determined that a transducer in the set of transducers is unacceptable for activation.

A method includes transmitting electrical signals between one or more pairs of body-surface electrodes attached to a body of a patient. Electrical potentials resulting from the transmitted electrical signals are acquired by an outer-facing electrode and an inner-facing electrode of a medical probe inserted in an organ of the patient. A proximity of the medical probe to surface tissue of the organ is estimated based on the electrical potentials acquired by the outer-facing electrode. A position of the medical probe within the organ is estimated based on the electrical potentials acquired by the inner-facing electrode.

An electroanatomical mapping system graphically represents local activation time (LAT) information contained in data set including a plurality of electrophysiology (EP) data points. The system computes a spatial gradient over a spatial kernel centered at an EP data point and a plurality of temporal gradients for the EP data points set. Using the gradients, the electroanatomical mapping system can detect spatial outlier EP data points and temporal outlier EP data points. These outlier EP data points can then be corrected prior to outputting a graphical representation of the LAT map on a model of a cardiac surface.

A medical apparatus includes a shaft, an expandable frame, a membrane, a diagnostic electrode, a reference electrode, and a processor. The shaft is configured for insertion into an organ of a patient. The expandable frame is coupled to a distal end of the shaft. The diagnostic electrode, which is disposed on an external surface of the expandable frame, is configured to sense diagnostic signals when in contact with tissue. The reference electrode is disposed on a surface of the expandable frame directly opposite the diagnostic electrode, wherein the reference electrode is electrically insulated from the tissue and is configured to sense interfering signals.

In one embodiment, a medical system includes a catheter configured to be inserted into a chamber of a heart of a living subject, and including catheter electrodes configured to contact tissue at respective locations within the chamber of the heart, a display, and a processing circuitry configured to receive respective signals from the catheter captured by respective ones of the electrodes, assess conformity of each of the respective signals to at least one signal characteristic, find a given one of the signals of a given one of the electrodes not conforming to the at least one signal characteristic for a given time period, and render to the display an indication that the given signal of the given electrode does not conform to the at least one signal characteristic for the given time period.