Disclosed herein are methods for functionalizing the surface of a biomedical implant. The biomedical implant may be a zirconia-toughened alumina implant surface functionalized with silicon nitride powder for promoting osteogenesis.

A surgical implant having a plastic (e.g., PEEK) component having an exposed surface, wherein at least a portion of the exposed surface has a plurality of parallel microgrooves that (i) enhance bone growth and osseointegration with adjacent bone and, after the osseointegration, (ii) increase pull-out force of the surgical implant from the adjacent bone. In certain embodiments, the microgrooves have widths of less than or equal to 12 micrometers, depths of less than or equal to 12 micrometers, crests of less than or equal to 12 micrometers, and a periodicity of less than or equal to 24 micrometers.

Orthopedic implants produced by additive manufacture, followed by refinement of exterior and interior surfaces trough mechanical erosion, chemical erosion, or a combination of mechanical and chemical erosion. Surface refinement removes debris, and also produces bone-growth enhancing micro-scale and nano-scale structures.

In accordance with one aspect, a spinal implant for fusing vertebral bones is provided that includes a monolithic body for being inserted between bones. The body has a through opening of the body for receiving bone growth material and a wall of the body extending about the through opening. The wall includes nubs extending into the through opening that increase the surface area of the wall available for bone on-growth.

An orthopedic implant which generally includes a frame structure and a porous structure. Both the frame and porous structure at least partially define at least six surfaces which make a three-dimensional profile of the implant. The porous structure is positioned at least partially within the three-dimensional profile.

An orthopedic implant which generally includes a frame structure and a porous structure. Both the frame and porous structure at least partially define at least six surfaces which make a three-dimensional profile of the implant. The porous structure is positioned at least partially within the three-dimensional profile.

Bone implants, including methods of use and assembly. The bone implants, which are optionally composite implants, generally include a distal anchoring region and a growth region that is proximal to the distal anchoring region. The distal anchoring region can have one or more distal surface features that adapt the distal anchoring region for anchoring into iliac bone. The growth region can have one or more growth features that adapt the growth region to facilitate at least one of bony on-growth, in-growth, or through-growth. The implants may be positioned along a posterior sacral alar-iliac (“SAI”) trajectory. The implants may be coupled to one or more bone stabilizing constructs, such as rod elements thereof.

Provided is an artificial joint that can improve fatigue strength while achieving the ability to fix to a bone. An artificial joint 1 includes a stem portion 2. The stem portion 2 has a distal end for insertion into a bone and a proximal end opposite the distal end and includes a roughened surface portion 4 which is provided in a proximal end-side portion, which has a rougher surface than a distal end-side portion, and which is larger in cross-sectional area than the distal end-side portion. The roughened surface portion 4 includes a distal end-side edge section 7 and a proximal end-side section 7, the distal end-side edge section 7 including a distal end-side edge portion of the roughened surface portion 4, the proximal end-side section 7 being configured as a section closer to the proximal end than the distal end-side edge section 7 is to the proximal end. The distal end-side edge section 7 has a surface roughness Ra1 lower than a surface roughness Ra2, Ra3 of the proximal end-side section.

In accordance with one aspect, a spinal implant for fusing vertebral bones is provided that includes a monolithic body for being inserted between bones. The body has a through opening of the body for receiving bone growth material and a wall of the body extending about the through opening. The wall includes nubs extending into the through opening that increase the surface area of the wall available for bone on-growth.

A scaffold is provided which facilitates integration of both bone and cartilage at an osteochondral lesion, thereby acting as a tissue engineered interface or tissue engineered junction between the two different tissues. The method and systems for engineering this interface may be acellular or may be loaded with cells prior to use.