Provided herein are methods of performing knee surgery, which include comparing a lateral distal femoral angle (LDFA) of the knee with a medial proximal tibial angle (MPTA) of the knee and determining a pre-disease alignment of the knee therefrom. Additionally, prognostic and diagnostic methods for use in knee surgery as well as methods of determining an angle of resection for a distal femur and/or a proximal tibia during knee surgery are provided herein. Also provided is an apparatus for assisting a surgeon in performing surgery on a knee of a patient, the apparatus comprising a processor configured for performing the aforementioned methods. A computer-readable medium having stored thereon a computer program, which, when executed by a computer, causes the computer to perform the aforementioned methods is also provided.

An orthopedic implant with an inferior portion having a tibia contact surface configured to extend over a tibia; a superior portion opposite to the inferior portion having a tendon contact surface configured to change a position of a patellar tendon by lifting or tilting the patellar tendon when the curved surface of the first portion is engaged with the tibia; a fixation mechanism adapted to attach the orthopedic implant to the tibia; and an adjustment mechanism adapted to change a distance between the tendon contact surface and the tibia contact surface. The invention also includes a method for repositioning a patellar tendon of a patient.

A cutting device is provided that includes an expandable tube having a base and a hollow interior for receiving the implant therein. The expandable tube includes cutting segments extending from the base and terminating to form a distal end of the expandable tube. At least one of the cutting segments has a cutting end with cutting teeth at the distal end of the expandable tube. Spring shaped sections are provided that extend the cutting segments. A method for removing an implant from a target bone is also provided based on the cutting device. A system for removing material directly surrounding an outer surface of an implant in an intramedullary canal of a target bone is also provided based on the cutting device and a sheath. A retractable opening is formed of leaflets at a distal end of the sheath, and a proximal end opposite the distal end.

A device for preparing a femur of a patient for receipt of a knee implant in both extension and flexion relative to a resected tibia plateau based on applying tension to medial and lateral collateral ligaments of said patient, comprising a tibial baseplate, a tensioner, the tensioner comprising a tensioner body having a tensioner portion, the tensioner portion affixed to the tibial baseplate, and an expander arm comprising an elongated body portion, a superior side of the elongated body portion having a spiked tip adjacent a posterior end thereof. The spiked tip interacts with an intracondylar notch under tension. The expander arm is operatively connected to the tensioner body via the tensioner portion, the tensioner portion configured for use in selectively raising and lowering the expander arm relative to the tibial baseplate to apply tension to the medial and lateral collateral ligaments in extension or flexion.

The disclosure herein relates to various surgical methods for implanting a prosthesis in a patient. In particular, in some embodiments, a surgical method for preparing a knee of a patient to implant a customized knee prosthesis comprising: identifying epiphysary axis (2) of the patient tibia (1) by connecting the center of the tibial plateau with the center of the growth plate remnant on a preoperative planning; and performing a tibial cut (3) perpendicular to the epiphysary axis (2) of the tibia (1).

A tibial implant for knee arthroplasty includes a tibial plate, a tibial keel, and at least one anchoring projection. The tibial plate is sized and shaped for placement on a proximal end of a tibia of a patient. The tibial plate includes opposite proximal and distal surfaces with the distal surface configured to engage the end of the tibia. The tibial keel extends distally from the distal surface of the tibial plate and is configured to be inserted into the proximal end of the tibia. The anchoring projection extends distally from the distal surface of the tibial plate and is configured to be inserted into the proximal end of the tibia.

Joint balancing methods and apparatus for arthroplasty procedures are disclosed. An example knee balancing jig may include a tibial placement guide configured for mounting to a tibial reference in a generally medial-lateral orientation in position generally anterior to a knee and/or at least one balancing assembly. The balancing assembly may include a vertical guide configured to releasably mount to the tibial placement guide in a generally inferior-superior orientation, at least one posteriorly extending paddle selectively vertically movable along the vertical guide, the paddle configured to selectively engage a distal femur and/or a proximal tibia, and/or at least one pin guide selectively vertically movable along the vertical guide, the at least one pin guide comprising at least one opening configured to receive at least one of a drill bit and a bone pin therethrough.

A method for optimizing a knee arthroplasty surgical procedure includes receiving pre-operative data comprising (i) anatomical measurements of the patient, (ii) soft tissue measurements of the patient's anatomy, and (iii) implant parameters identifying an implant to be used in the knee arthroplasty surgical procedure. An equation set is selected from a plurality of pre-generated equation sets based on the pre-operative data. During the knee arthroplasty surgical procedure, patient-specific kinetic and kinematic response values are generated and displayed using an optimization process. The optimization process includes collecting intraoperative data from one or more surgical tools of a computer-assisted surgical system, and using the intraoperative data and the pre-operative data to solve the equation set, thereby yielding the patient-specific kinetic and kinematic response values. A visualization is then provided of the patient-specific kinetic and kinematic response values on the displays.

A mixed reality system includes a head-mounted device (HMD) having an HMD coordinate system and a camera to capture images. A localizer has a localizer coordinate system and position sensors supported by a housing to track a pose of a real object. Registration markers are configured to be recognized from the captured images of the camera of the HMD. The registration markers are disposed on the housing of the localizer in a predetermined spatial relationship with respect to the localizer coordinate system. At least one controller is configured to utilize the registration markers recognized from the captured images to register the localizer coordinate system and the HMD coordinate system.

A tibial-femoral trial implant comprises a femoral trial insert, which comprises a medial condyle and a lateral condyle, and a tibial trial insert, which comprises a medial plate and a lateral plate. The implant further comprises a graduated reference system adapted to indicate the relative angular deviation between the femoral trial insert and the tibial trial insert about a vertical axis, passing through the center of a sphere defining the medial condyle of the femoral trial insert, following a roto-translational movement of the femoral trial insert from a first position, identifying a knee extension position, to a second position, identifying a knee flexion position.