Provided herein are methods and compositions for maintaining and/or increasing vitamin C in a cell or organism. The methods and compositions are based, in part, on the synergistic effect of ergothioneine, or a derivative thereof, on vitamin C levels in cells or organisms.

Personal care compositions for improving the appearance and/or health of skin are provided herein. In accordance with an aspect, provided is a personal care formulation comprising an alpha hydroxy acid; a beta hydroxy acid; and polyhydroxy acid comprising gluconodeltalactone. According to another aspect, a personal care formulation is provided that comprises an alpha hydroxy acid; a beta hydroxy acid; and polyhydroxy acid, wherein the personal care formulation has a weight ratio of alpha hydroxy acid to polyhydroxy acid is about 5:1 to about 1:4, and wherein the personal care formulation has a weight ratio of beta hydroxy acid to polyhydroxy acid is about 1:1 to about 1:11.

Personal care compositions for improving the appearance and/or health of skin are provided herein. In accordance with an aspect, provided is a personal care formulation comprising an alpha hydroxy acid; a beta hydroxy acid; and polyhydroxy acid comprising gluconodeltalactone. According to another aspect, a personal care formulation is provided that comprises an alpha hydroxy acid; a beta hydroxy acid; and polyhydroxy acid, wherein the personal care formulation has a weight ratio of alpha hydroxy acid to polyhydroxy acid is about 5:1 to about 1:4, and wherein the personal care formulation has a weight ratio of beta hydroxy acid to polyhydroxy acid is about 1:1 to about 1:11.

This disclosure provides compositions and methods for treating or preventing liver diseases and disorders with hyperammonemia or muscle wasting in a subject.

This disclosure provides compositions and methods for treating or preventing liver diseases and disorders with hyperammonemia or muscle wasting in a subject.

This disclosure provides compositions and methods for treating or preventing liver diseases and disorders with hyperammonemia or muscle wasting in a subject.

The invention provides compositions and methods to treat prediabetes. In particular, the invention has discovered that particular combinations of diverse types of antioxidants have synergistic and surprising effects for use against prediabetes. The diverse types of antioxidants include: antioxidants that comprise stabilizing heteroatoms; antioxidants with conjugated segments of alternating single and double bonds; antioxidants with disulfides; and antioxidants with phenolic groups. In particularly useful embodiments one or more of the antioxidants that comprise stabilizing heteroatoms have pro-oxidant effects, e.g., in the liver.

The invention provides compositions and methods to treat prediabetes. In particular, the invention has discovered that particular combinations of diverse types of antioxidants have synergistic and surprising effects for use against prediabetes. The diverse types of antioxidants include: antioxidants that comprise stabilizing heteroatoms; antioxidants with conjugated segments of alternating single and double bonds; antioxidants with disulfides; and antioxidants with phenolic groups. In particularly useful embodiments one or more of the antioxidants that comprise stabilizing heteroatoms have pro-oxidant effects, e.g., in the liver.

The invention provides compositions and methods to treat prediabetes. In particular, the invention has discovered that particular combinations of diverse types of antioxidants have synergistic and surprising effects for use against prediabetes. The diverse types of antioxidants include: antioxidants that comprise stabilizing heteroatoms; antioxidants with conjugated segments of alternating single and double bonds; antioxidants with disulfides; and antioxidants with phenolic groups. In particularly useful embodiments one or more of the antioxidants that comprise stabilizing heteroatoms have pro-oxidant effects, e.g., in the liver.

Glutathione deficiencies and deficiencies in glutathione synthetase activity, and therapeutic methods for the treatment thereof.