Compounds of the present invention and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof, are useful as modulators of ATP-Binding Cassette (“ABC”) transporters or fragments thereof, including Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (“CFTR”). The present invention also relates to methods of treating ABC transporter mediated diseases using compounds of the present invention.

Compounds of the present invention and pharmaceutically acceptable compositions thereof, are useful as modulators of ATP-Binding Cassette (“ABC”) transporters or fragments thereof, including Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator (“CFTR”). The present invention also relates to methods of treating ABC transporter mediated diseases using compounds of the present invention.

The present invention provides a compound having a cholinergic muscarinic M1 receptor positive allosteric modulator activity and useful as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, pain, sleep disorder, Parkinson's disease dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and the like.

The present invention relates to a compound represented by the formula (I) or a salt thereof.

##STR00001##

wherein each symbol is as described in the specification, or a salt thereof.

The present invention provides a compound having a cholinergic muscarinic M1 receptor positive allosteric modulator activity and useful as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of Alzheimer's disease, schizophrenia, pain, sleep disorder, Parkinson's disease dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, and the like.

The present invention relates to a compound represented by the formula (I) or a salt thereof.

##STR00001##

wherein each symbol is as described in the specification, or a salt thereof.

The present disclosure is directed to use of RORγt inhibitors in the treatment of autoimmune disorders, e.g., autoimmune disorders of the skin. This disclosure is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising an RORγt inhibitor and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier for topical administration.

The present invention provides a method for treating behavioral and psychological symptoms in patient with dementia comprising administering an effective dose of pure 5-HT.sub.6 receptor antagonist, masupirdine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof either alone or in combination with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor such as donepezil and NMDA (N-Methyl-D-aspartate) receptor antagonist, memantine. The present invention further provides use of the said compound in the manufacture of a medicament and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the said compounds intended for the treatment of the disorders described herein.

The present invention provides a method for treating behavioral and psychological symptoms in patient with dementia comprising administering an effective dose of pure 5-HT.sub.6 receptor antagonist, masupirdine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof either alone or in combination with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor such as donepezil and NMDA (N-Methyl-D-aspartate) receptor antagonist, memantine. The present invention further provides use of the said compound in the manufacture of a medicament and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the said compounds intended for the treatment of the disorders described herein.

The present invention provides a method for treating behavioral and psychological symptoms in patient with dementia comprising administering an effective dose of pure 5-HT.sub.6 receptor antagonist, masupirdine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof either alone or in combination with an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor such as donepezil and NMDA (N-Methyl-D-aspartate) receptor antagonist, memantine. The present invention further provides use of the said compound in the manufacture of a medicament and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the said compounds intended for the treatment of the disorders described herein.

Compositions may include a therapeutic that is released from the composition to treat any number of ailments or conditions (e.g., pain, infection, cancer, osteoporosis) or to help accelerate local tissue regeneration (e.g., growth hormone, bone morphogenic protein) or to assist with surgical or therapeutic treatment (e.g., imaging modality), or any of a combination thereof.

Methods and compositions are provided for treating neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, depression, attention deficit disorder, mild cognitive impairment, dementia, and bipolar disorder. The methods entail administering to a patient diagnosed as having a neuropsychiatric disorder (e.g., schizophrenia, depression, attention deficit disorder, mild cognitive impairment, dementia bipolar disorder, etc.) or as at risk for a neuropsychiatric disorder a benzoic acid, benzoic acid salt, and/or benzoic acid derivative, and/or a sorbic acid, sorbic acid salt, and/or sorbic acid derivative, in combination with a neuropharmacological agent (e.g., an antipsychotic, an antidepressant, medications for attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, cognitive impairment, or dementia, etc.) where the benzoic acid, benzoic acid salt, or benzoic acid derivative, and/or a sorbic acid, sorbic acid salt, and/or sorbic acid derivative, is in an amount sufficient to increase the efficacy of the neuropharmacological agent.