In various implementations, berberine metabolites, such as dihydroberberine and/or tetrahydroberberine, may be administered to manage blood glucose levels, increase ketone levels (e.g., blood concentration of ketones), and/or for therapeutic purposes in humans. The administration of a pharmaceutically effective amount of berberine metabolites, such as dihydroberberine, may reduce fasting blood glucose levels, improve glucose tolerance, and/or improve blood ketone response. In some implementations, berberine metabolites may be administered with one or more other compounds.

Described herein are self-assembling protein molecules for delivering a payload, for example, a toxic anti-cancer agent, a cancer immunotherapy, a toxic anti-cancer agent and a cancer immunotherapy, or an imaging agent, to specific tissues. Examples of self-assembled proteins include clathrin and derivatives of clathrin.

Described herein are self-assembling protein molecules for delivering a payload, for example, a toxic anti-cancer agent, a cancer immunotherapy, a toxic anti-cancer agent and a cancer immunotherapy, or an imaging agent, to specific tissues. Examples of self-assembled proteins include clathrin and derivatives of clathrin.

A method for reducing the frequency of urination is disclosed. The method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more analgesic agents and one or more α-blockers. In one embodiment, the one or more analgesic agents are formulated for extended-release.

A method for reducing the frequency of urination is disclosed. The method comprises administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition comprising one or more analgesic agents and one or more α-blockers. In one embodiment, the one or more analgesic agents are formulated for extended-release.

The present invention provides an anti-influenza virus agent that targets biomolecules of host cells including human cells and a method of screening a candidate molecule for the anti-influenza virus agent. That is, the present invention is an anti-influenza virus agent that has an effect of suppressing expression or a function of a gene that encodes a protein having an effect of suppressing incorporation of an influenza virus vRNA or an NP protein into influenza virus-like particles in host cells and the gene is at least one selected from the group including JAK1 gene and the like.

The present invention provides an anti-influenza virus agent that targets biomolecules of host cells including human cells and a method of screening a candidate molecule for the anti-influenza virus agent. That is, the present invention is an anti-influenza virus agent that has an effect of suppressing expression or a function of a gene that encodes a protein having an effect of suppressing incorporation of an influenza virus vRNA or an NP protein into influenza virus-like particles in host cells and the gene is at least one selected from the group including JAK1 gene and the like.

The present invention relates to 4-azapodophyllotoxin analogs of formula (I) in which X, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and Ar are as defined in claim 1, preferably a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally in the form of a solvate, a composition comprising said analogs, their use as medicament, in particular for the treatment of cancer, and a process for their preparation. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to 4-azapodophyllotoxin analogs of formula (I) in which X, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and Ar are as defined in claim 1, preferably a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally in the form of a solvate, a composition comprising said analogs, their use as medicament, in particular for the treatment of cancer, and a process for their preparation. ##STR00001##

The present invention relates to 4-azapodophyllotoxin analogs of formula (I) in which X, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and Ar are as defined in claim 1, preferably a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, optionally in the form of a solvate, a composition comprising said analogs, their use as medicament, in particular for the treatment of cancer, and a process for their preparation. ##STR00001##