Provided herein are compositions comprising niacin, berberine, one or more of silymarin, silibinin, and Siliphos.sup.®, lipoic acid, taurine, and phosphatidylcholine. Such compositions are useful for treating or preventing obesity, metabolic and hepatic and neurodegenerative disorders.

Described herein are compositions and techniques related to generation and therapeutic application of artificial synapses. Artificial synapses are engineered extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, which incorporate sticky binders on their surface to anchor signaling domains against biological targets, such as receptors. These engineered additives can be organized in genetic vector constructs, expressed in mammalian cells, wherein the sticky binders attach to extracellular vesicles such as exosomes, thereby presenting their joined signaling domains which are rapidly taken up by recipient cells. Artificial synapses adopt the hallmark biophysical and biochemical features of extracellular vesicles, allowing for rapid deployment and scale-up. Importantly, this strategy can allow for kinetically favorable signal generation and signal propagation. This includes, for example, increasing density of agonist presentation to support receptor clustering an onerous barrier for traditional receptor targeting strategies.

The present disclosure provides lipid compositions comprising lipid particles (e.g., lipid nanodiscs), wherein the lipid particles (e.g., lipid nanodiscs) comprise a STING agonist amphiphile conjugate, a phospholipid and a PEG-lipid. The compositions are used in methods to induce or promote immune responses, such as immune responses useful for the treatment of cancer or infectious disease.

The present disclosure provides phospholipid-containing compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and microspheres that exhibit high affinity for mineralized metals. The present disclosure also provides strategies for using said compounds, compositions and microspheres in the treatment of nephrolithiasis or kidney stone disease, and methods of manufacturing and preparing said compounds and compositions.

The present disclosure provides phospholipid-containing compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and microspheres that exhibit high affinity for mineralized metals. The present disclosure also provides strategies for using said compounds, compositions and microspheres in the treatment of nephrolithiasis or kidney stone disease, and methods of manufacturing and preparing said compounds and compositions.

Prostacyclin compounds and compositions comprising the same are provided herein. Specifically, prostacyclin compounds comprising treprostinil covalently linked to a linear C.sub.5-C.sub.18 alkyl, branched C.sub.5-C.sub.18 alkyl, linear C.sub.2-C.sub.18 alkenyl, branched C.sub.3-C.sub.18 alkenyl, aryl, aryl-C.sub.1-C.sub.18 alkyl or an amino acid or a peptide (e.g., dipeptide, tripeptide, tetrapeptide) are described. The linkage, in one embodiment, is via a carbamate, amide or ester bond. Prostacyclin compounds provided herein can also include at least one hydrogen atom substituted with at least one deuterium atom. Methods for treating pulmonary hypertension (e.g., pulmonary arterial hypertension) and portopulmonary hypertension are also provided.

The invention relates to therapeutic nanobiologic compositions and methods of treating patients who have cancer, by promoting trained immunity, which is the long-term increased responsiveness, the result of metabolic and epigenetic re-wiring of myeloid cells and their stem cells and progenitors in the bone marrow and spleen and blood induced by a primary insult, and characterized by increased cytokine excretion after re- stimulation with one or multiple secondary stimuli.

An object of the present invention is to provide an external pharmaceutical composition that imparts light stability to a β-blocker (particularly propranolol hydrochloride) and is excellent in the balance between transdermal absorbability and skin retention, and the present invention provides a complex composed of a water-soluble β-blocker and lecithin, a method for producing the complex, an external pharmaceutical composition containing the complex, and the like. The complex or a dispersion in oil containing the complex is applied to an existing pharmaceutical external preparation formulation (for example, W/O type cream), and a complex containing a β-blocker is allowed to be present in the O phase, thereby avoiding contact with water or dissolved oxygen and reducing the risk of photolysis.

Disclosed are synthetic nanocarrier compositions, and related methods, comprising MHC Class II-restricted epitopes and immunosuppressants that provide tolerogenic immune responses, such as a reduction in CD4+ T cell help specific to an antigen.

The present invention provides phosphorylcholine conjugates and pharmaceutical compositions comprising same for the prevention or treatment of autoimmune diseases. In particular, the conjugates of the present invention are effective in treating autoimmune diseases associated with pathological inflammation.