An electroporation device having a battery pack including a plurality of battery cells and at least one lead in electrical communication with a circuit board. The battery pack including a safety switch and a controller for selectively placing the battery cells in electrical communication with the one lead. Where the controller is in operable communication with the safety switch such that when the controller detects one or more operating conditions the controller instructs the safety switch to electrically isolate the lead from the battery cells. The battery pack also includes a manual switch, and where activation of the switch causes the controller to instruct the safety switch to electrically isolate the lead from the battery cells.

The disclosure is directed to a device for electroporating and delivering one or more antigens and a method of electroporating and delivering one or more antigens to cells of epidermal tissues using the device. The device comprises a housing, a plurality of electrode arrays projecting from the housing, each electrode array including at least one electrode, a pulse generator electrically coupled to the electrodes, a programmable microcontroller electrically coupled to the pulse generator, and an electrical power source coupled to the pulse generator and the microcontroller. The electrode arrays define spatially separate sites.

An electroporation device having a battery pack including a plurality of battery cells and at least one lead in electrical communication with a circuit board. The battery pack including a safety switch and a controller for selectively placing the battery cells in electrical communication with the one lead. Where the controller is in operable communication with the safety switch such that when the controller detects one or more operating conditions the controller instructs the safety switch to electrically isolate the lead from the battery cells. The battery pack also includes a manual switch, and where activation of the switch causes the controller to instruct the safety switch to electrically isolate the lead from the battery cells.

A system for cosmetically treating a patient's skin or body with one or more EMS coils and/or RF electrodes mounted on a planar holder; a hydrogel containing gel pad, the gel pad being positionable between the holder and the skin tissue; wherein the gel pad being of a material that is biocompatible and conducts RF and/or EMS energy when EMS energy is applied from the one or more EMS coils; a programmable controller to activate the one or more EMS coils; the programmable controller, after the planar holder is applied to the skin tissue, being configured to activate one or more of the plurality of EMS coils to provide treatment in the form of stimulation to the skin tissue.

A system for performing measurements on a biological subject, the system including: at least one substrate including a plurality of microstructures configured to breach a stratum corneum of the subject; and, an actuator configured to apply a force to the substrate to cause the microstructures to at least one of pierce and penetrate the stratum corneum.

A medical device comprising a tube, a first electrode and a second electrode, and a structure at a distal portion of the tube, the structure defining a first section and a second section, wherein the first and second sections are configured to be filled with a conductive medium, wherein the first electrode is contained within the first section, and the second electrode is contained within the second section, and wherein the structure includes a central barrier separating the first section from the second section, and the central barrier is insulative.

Methods and apparatus are provided for renal neuromodulation using a pulsed electric field to effectuate electroporation or electrofusion. It is expected that renal neuromodulation (e.g., denervation) may, among other things, reduce expansion of an acute myocardial infarction, reduce or prevent the onset of morphological changes that are affiliated with congestive heart failure, and/or be efficacious in the treatment of end stage renal disease. Embodiments of the present invention are configured for percutaneous intravascular delivery of pulsed electric fields to achieve such neuromodulation.

The concentration of an administered compound, such as a drug (D), in an organ or a bodily fluid, such as blood, is determined directly through detecting the drug (D) or its metabolites (DM) in sweat. The concentration may be determined indirectly by administering the drug (D) together with one or more tracer compounds (T, T2) or metabolites thereof (TM, T2M) or by detecting concentrations and trends of other analytes present in the body that react to the presence of the drug (D). By determining tracer concentration in sweat, the concentration of the drug (D) in blood or an organ can be determined. The tracer (T, T2) is a compound selected for ease of detection in sweat, known metabolic and solubility profiles that correspond to those of the drug (D), and safety of use. A smart transdermal delivery patch (300) is used to administer a dosage of drug to a wearer in coordination with at least one sweat sensor (324) reading conveying information about the wearer.

Provided herein are methods of generating a biologically effective unipolar nanosecond electric pulse by superposing two biologically ineffective bipolar nanosecond electric pulses and related aspects, such as electroporation and/or therapeutic applications of these methods to non-invasively target electrostimulation (ES) selectively to deep tissues and organs.

Nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF) treatments of a tumor are adjusted based on a size and type of the tumor to stimulate an immune response against the tumor and other tumors in the subject. Calreticulin expression on tumor cells can be detected to confirm treatment. An immune response biomarker can be measured, and further nsPEF treatments can be performed if needed to stimulate or further stimulate the immune response. Cancers that have metastasized may be treated by directly treating a tumor that is most accessible. The treatment can be combined with CD47-blocking antibodies, doxorubicin, CTLA-4-blocking antibodies, and/or PD-1-blocking antibodies. Electrical characteristics of nsPEF treatments can be based on the size, type, and/or strength of tumors and/or a quantity of tumors in the subject.