Aspects of the disclosure relate to pledget stimulation/recording electrode assemblies that are particularly useful for automatic periodic stimulation. Embodiments are compatible with nerve monitoring systems to provide continuous stimulation of a nerve during surgery. Disclosed embodiments include an electrode assembly having one or more electrodes rotatably supported by and positioned within a pledget substrate. The flexible pledget substrate conforms and fixates to bioelectric tissue to secure the electrode assembly in position, wrapped around the target tissue. In some embodiments, the pledget substrate includes two bodies, each including at least one electrode, the two bodies being selectively separable so that the bodies can be repositioned with respect to one another. The electrode assembly further includes a lead wire assembly including at least one insulating jacket positioned around a wire core. Optionally, the electrode assembly includes an insulating cup interconnecting the electrode and the insulating jacket.

A method for delivery of oral iontophoretic or reverse-iontophoretic effect by electrical current in combination with electrokinetic elements (e.g., ions, charged molecule(s) (such as a medication or a bioactive agent), and/or charged molecular complexes that may include uncharged molecules), the electrical current causing a motive force on such elements to and from biological tissues and fluids.

A benefit agent delivery system whereby benefit agents can be delivered on demand and/or a variety of different benefit agents at different concentrations can be delivered from the same system. The benefit agent delivery system includes a microcell layer comprising a plurality of microcells, wherein the microcells are filled with a carrier and a benefit agent. The microcells include an opening, wherein the opening is spanned by a sealing layer comprising a polymer and metallic material. Application of an electric field across the microcell layer and the sealing layer results in the migration of the metallic material from the sealing layer and the creation of a porous sealing layer, allowing the benefit agent to be released from the benefit agent delivery system.

Described are devices and methods that that include at least one sweat stimulating and collecting material, which can be a sweat stimulating and collecting iontophoresis material. In methods of stimulating and collecting sweat, the method may include (1) stimulating the production of sweat in a subject by delivering at least one sweat-stimulating substance out of a material and into contact with the skin of a subject, and (2) collecting at least a portion of the sweat in the material. Methods in accordance with principles of the present invention can also include transferring the material to a container, removing the material, and analyzing the sweat captured therein.

This disclosure provides self-applied wearable devices configured to electrically stimulate a user, generate and/or collect a user's electrophysiological data via electrodes, in contact with the outer layer of skin, that hydrate the skin surface using iontophoresis, reverse iontophoresis, and/or a combination thereof. The wearable devices provided herein increase conductivity and/or move biological ions and/or polar molecules from the electrode into the outer skin layer of skin surface to reduced impedance between the outer skin layer and electrode, wherein the impedance between electrodes is matched and/or minimized. This disclosure also provides systems comprising the same, and methods for making and using the same.

A method for the treatment of teeth which comprises enhancing transport of substances through the tooth enamel by generating a gaseous plasma in proximity to the tooth.

Methods and related systems for modulating neural activity by cyclically modulating neural activity in peripheral neural structures are disclosed. Neural activity may be modulated cyclically by stimuli delivered via various types of stimulus sources. In an aspect, activity of a sensory nerve is modulated. Neural modulation may be used, for example, to modulate an undesired sensation, such as pain, or an immune or inflammatory response or process. Delivery of stimuli for modulating neural activity may be controlled in part in response to an input from a user input device.

A mask member which fits over a portion of the face of a user. A retaining member holds the mask in place on the user's head. Eye portions allow the user to see while wearing the mask. A treatment mechanism is positioned on an interior surface of the mask for skin treatment including treatment around the eyes. A control mechanism controls the treatment mechanism.

A system is provided for testing whether an iontophoretic drug delivery device is in an appropriate state for administering a therapeutic agent into an animal body. An electrical characteristic of at least one electrical path associated with an electrode test point is used to determine whether the iontophoretic device is in an appropriate state. The measured electrical characteristic indicates that the iontophoretic device is in an appropriate state for administering the therapeutic agent into the animal body when the therapeutic agent is properly disposed with respect to the electrodes of the iontophoretic device.

A switch-operated therapeutic agent delivery device. Embodiments of the operated therapeutic agent delivery device my include a switch that can be operated by a user, a device controller connected to the switch through a switch input where the device can actuate the device when certain predetermined conditions are met, following performance of both a digital switch validation test and an analog switch validation test. The switch operated therapeutic agent delivery device may have two parts, which are assembled by a user prior to use. These devices may be configured to determine if a current is present between the anode and cathode when drug is not intended to be delivered by the device. These devices may indirectly control and/or monitor the applied current without directly measuring from the cathode of the patient terminal.