Examples of the present disclosure are related to devices in the field of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and neuromuscular electrical stimulation. More specifically, embodiments are related to devices that are configured to automatically detect the stimulation intensity range and the motor point to generate a high efficiency, low intensity electrical stimulation treatment.

Systems, devices, and methods are provided to assess connection quality between the electrodes of a bioelectrical signal measurement and/or electrical stimulation device and the tissue, typically skin, of the subject. A test signal is provided to a first electrode, voltage differences between the first electrode and additional electrodes are determined, an impedance of the first electrode is determined based on the voltages differences, and the determined impedance indicates connection quality. This process is typically repeated for all of the electrodes to determine connection quality. The user or subject can be alerted if the connection quality is poor, and the bioelectrical signal that is recorded can be provided with data points indicating connection quality during the signal recording.

An embodiment of the invention includes (a) modeling a first internal force applied to a model of a user's joint based on a first external force externally applied to the joint at a first position; (b) modeling a second internal force applied to the model based on a second external force externally applied to the joint at a second position unequal to the first position; (c) comparing the first and second modeled internal forces; and (d) simulating the user based on the comparison. Other embodiments are described herein.

An unattended approach can increase the reproducibility and safety of the treatment as the chance of over/under treating of a certain area is significantly decreased. On the other hand, unattended treatment of uneven or rugged areas can be challenging in terms of maintaining proper distance or contact with the treated tissue, mostly on areas which tend to differ from patient to patient (e.g. facial area). Delivering energy via a system of active elements embedded in a flexible pad adhesively attached to the skin offers a possible solution. The unattended approach may include delivering of multiple energies to enhance a visual appearance.

Hand-controlled physiotherapy equipment contains: a first electrode and a second electrode which are connected with living creatures so as to form a closed loop, an electrical stimulation system, a signal receiving unit, and a signal identification unit. The electrical stimulation system includes a sensing unit. The signal receiving unit is connected with the sensing unit in a wired manner or a wireless manner, the signal identification unit is configured to transform loop signals into time series signals, wherein when each of the time series signals has a specific interruption signal and a specific recovery signal, each time series signal triggers a mode adjustment signal in a control module. The control module includes a predetermined comparison database, and the comparison database has multiple set modes, wherein the multiple set modes respectively have multiple interruption signals and multiple recovery signals.

A device for functional electrical stimulation (FES), neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), and/or electromyography (EMG) readout includes a sleeve sized and shaped to be worn on a human arm and comprising an inner sleeve and an outer sleeve. The inner sleeve has openings formed therein, and has an exposed side positioned to contact skin and an opposite backside facing the outer sleeve. Electrode strips each comprise a linear circuit board on which a row of electrodes is mounted. The electrode strips are detachably and selectively mountable to the inner sleeve in a plurality of different orientations. The electrode strips are mountable on the inner sleeve with the linear circuit boards disposed on the backside of the inner sleeve between the inner sleeve and the outer sleeve and the electrodes passing through the openings of the inner sleeve so as to be positioned to contact skin.

An unattended approach can increase the reproducibility and safety of the treatment as the chance of over/under treating of a certain area is significantly decreased. On the other hand, unattended treatment of uneven or rugged areas can be challenging in terms of maintaining proper distance or contact with the treated tissue, mostly on areas which tend to differ from patient to patient (e.g. facial area). Delivering energy via a system of active elements embedded in a flexible pad adhesively attached to the skin offers a possible solution. The unattended approach may include delivering of multiple energies to enhance a visual appearance.

According to an aspect, a system for stimulating muscle comprises a set of stimulators to stimulate a first muscles, a set of sensors providing first measurement comprising a set of electromyograms (EMG) from another set of muscles coupled to the body part, a set of sensors mounted in the vicinity of the set of stimulator and the set of sensors, providing a measurement representing a motion and orientation of the first body part, another set of sensors providing a measurement representing a condition external to the body part, a processor generating a first position of the body part at a first time instance from the measurements and a processor adjusting at least one of a time duration, trigger instance, and trigger strength of the set of stimulator. In that, the comparator generates a position error as difference between the first position and a reference.

A customized electrical stimulation providing system includes: an electrical stimulation request input unit receiving electrical stimulation mode selection information; an electrical stimulation control unit setting an electrical stimulation control variable according to the electrical stimulation mode selection information and generating a control signal; and an electrical stimulation providing means receiving the control signal generated by the electrical stimulation control unit and providing electrical stimulation, wherein the electrical stimulation mode selection information includes at least one of a beauty mode (muscle loss mode) and a muscle strengthening mode.

Disclosed is a muscle stimulation system, comprising a wearable garment including a plurality of electrodes, and a processor; wherein the processor is configured to define one or more regions of interest (ROI) for electrode activation via a subset of the plurality of electrodes, and provide electrical muscle stimulation, via the subset of the plurality of electrodes, to the ROI.