Electrotherapy systems and methods for delivering an electrostimulation treatment program to a user while reducing the risk of inducing cardiac fibrillation. The systems and methods detect electrostimulation treatment program delivery characteristics, including a pulse intensity above a preset limit; a pulse duration above a preset limit; an inappropriately compensated pulse; a charge per pulse above a predetermined limit; a current improperly exiting from a stimulation channel; a current present outside of a pulse; an excitation pulse and a compensation pulse generated on different channels; an inter-pulse time less than a predetermined limit; and a time between an excitation and a compensation pulse greater than a predetermined limit. The limits are selected in relation to an objective of reducing the risk of inducing cardiac fibrillation.

An emotional enhancement system for music and film that uses audio and video input to select or generate a stimulation pattern which stimulates the user's face using lights and electrical stimulation directed to certain points on the user's face and head which are believed to induce certain emotions. Using the system, a user's emotional experience of the music or film can be enhanced by inducing emotions in the user coordinated with portions of the music or film. In some embodiments, biometric sensors or cameras and facial tracking software may be used to monitor the emotions displayed by a user while listening to music or watching films, and adjust the stimulation accordingly.

The present invention is directed to a physiological recording device, or other types of sensors to detect a biopotential, and more particularly, a physiological recording electrode that can be used without skin preparation or the use of electrolytic gels. The invention is further directed to the configurations of structures on the physiological recording electrode's lower surface. The structures having a length, width, and height, which are capable, at least in part, of transmitting an electric potential from the skin which can be measured. The structures may or may not limit the depth of application, and/or anchor the electrode or other device during normal application, and/or allow for uniform application of the electrode or other device over unprepared skin.

A method of a soft tissue treatment comprises placing an applicator adjacent to a surface of a body part, the applicator including at least one electrode, providing a fastening mechanism fixing the applicator in contact with the body part, providing a radiofrequency energy by the at least one electrode causing a heating of the soft tissue, providing an electric current to the soft tissue by the at least one electrode causing a muscle contraction, and controlling heating of the soft tissue by the radiofrequency energy and parameters of the electric current provided by the at least one electrode via a control unit, wherein an energy flux density of the radiofrequency energy is in a range of 0.01 mW.Math.mm.sup.−2 to 10 W.Math.mm.sup.−2 and a frequency of the radiofrequency energy is in a range of 0.1 MHz to 25 GHz, and wherein the body part comprises a face or a chin.

Systems configured to apply pressure to a foot and electrically stimulate muscles to contract in order to increase circulation and facilitate removal of metabolic waste, and related methods, are disclosed. One exemplary embodiment comprises an actuator that repeatedly compresses the bottom of a foot and an electrical muscle stimulator that repeatedly sends electrical pulses to a muscle to facilitate a muscle contraction. The system may also include a compression garment, such as a compression sock to be worn while undergoing both the repeated compression cycles and the repeated electrical pulses. The system may also include an item of footwear, wherein the actuator portion is partially or completely contained within the item of footwear. Additionally and/or alternatively, the electrical muscle stimulator may be partially or completely contained within the item of footwear.

In various embodiments electrical stimulators are provided for transcutaneous and/or epidural stimulation. In certain embodiments the stimulator provides one or more channels configured to provide one or more of the following stimulation patterns: i) monophasic electrical stimulation with a DC offset; ii) monophasic electrical stimulation with charge balance; iii) delayed biphasic electrical stimulation with a DC offset; iv) delayed biphasic electrical stimulation with charge balance; v) amplitude modulated dynamic stimulation; and/or vi) frequency modulated dynamic stimulation.

A portable robotised apparatus with functional electrostimulation is provided having an auxiliary actuator for the limb joint to be rehabilitated; an orthosis for attaching to the patient; sensors for measuring parameters; and an autonomous power source. The portable robotized apparatus is characterised in that it also has: a 16-channel electric-pulse generator; a non-invasive multielectrode array; control electronics, to coordinate the actuator and the electric pulse generator, collect the measurement from the sensors and carry out real-time control; and a control algorithm to command, inter alia, the electric-pulse generator. The actuator operates in a coordinated manner in real time with the electric-pulse generator which is applied to the affected limb by means of the electrode array.

A non-contact muscle signal sensing and assisting device, comprises a radar sensing module, a microprocessor and an electrical stimulation module. The radar sensing module continuously transmits a first microwave signal to a muscle bundle part and receives a corresponding reflected muscle signal, and performs a demodulation procedure on a second microwave signal and the reflected muscle signal to obtain and output a demodulated muscle signal. The microprocessor performs a muscle-movement signal characteristic processing procedure on the demodulated muscle signal to obtain a characterized muscle signal. The microprocessor obtains a muscle movement parameter according to the characterized muscle signal and controls the electrical stimulation module to emit a micro electrical stimulation signal to stimulate a reflex nerve when the muscle movement parameter fits an assistive condition, thereby stimulate muscle movement.

An output selection unit is provided between one or more output units and a plurality of electrodes. The output selection unit is configured to freely switch a combination of the electrodes constituting an electrode pair connected to the output unit. A control unit sends a selection signal to the output selection unit to indicate the combination of the electrodes constituting the electrode pair connected to the output unit.

Described herein are techniques, devices, and systems for formulating, tracking, displaying, and using electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) intensity values that are meaningful and intuitive. Electrical impulses may be delivered via multiple electrodes of an EMS suit in accordance with pulse intensity settings, the pulse intensity settings comprising multiple channel intensity values associated with multiple channels. Each channel intensity value can be multiplied by a predefined number to generate displayable channel intensity values, and a global intensity value can be derived from the displayable channel intensity values. The global intensity value can be presented on a display, such as by presenting the global intensity value as a graphic overlaying media content featuring an instructor conducting a workout session.