Flexible catheters adapted to be inserted into a body to deliver high-voltage, fast (e.g., microsecond, sub-microsecond, nanosecond, picosecond, etc.) electrical energy to target tissue may include a plurality of conductive layers, that may be coaxial. These catheters and method of using them to treat tissue are configured to reduce or avoid arcing.

A system and method for delivering TTFields are herein described. The system comprises an electric field generator generating a signal having a frequency from 50 kHz to 1 MHz and coupled to a lead. A pad is coupled to the lead and includes a solid continuous phase material and a conductive gel. The solid continuous phase material receives the signal from the lead, has a skin-facing surface, and is constructed of a conductive material or has a conductive material attached to, absorbed into, or adsorbed onto the solid continuous phase material. Pockets intersect the skin-facing surface, the pockets sized and dimensioned to receive a hair shaft. The conductive gel is attached to, absorbed into, or adsorbed onto the skin-facing surface and positioned within some of the pockets.

A device and means to decrease the pain associated with colonoscopy and similar procedures to examine the oesophagus, the stomach, etc. The device uses electrical currents of both positive and negative polarity, or alternating current. The improvement described can be incorporated into existing bodies of existing devices. Application on colonoscopy screenings and intestine polyp collection and other types of biopsies.

Numerous aspects of communication devices, methods, and systems are described in this application. One aspect is an apparatus comprising an energy generator comprising a plurality of generator elements operable to output a plurality of different energy types in a signal direction toward the skin. Each generator element of the plurality of generator elements may be independently operable, when the energy generator is positioned relative to skin, to communicate with different nerves associated with the skin by outputting a different portion of an energy signal in the signal direction toward the skin with one energy type of the plurality of different energy types.

The invention provides an EPG system and lead configuration which boasts both a novel optical folding assembly and compact package size. The percutaneous leads provided offer additional advantages over the prior art including integral formation of optical and electrical components in a compact size.

Apparatus, systems, and methods for real-time gait modulation are disclosed. In one embodiment, a functional electrical stimulation (FES) device is disclosed comprising one or more elastic wearable articles, a control unit comprising a wireless communication module, one or more processors, one or more memory units, a portable power supply, an electrical muscle stimulation (EMS) generator, and an inertial measurement unit (IMU) comprising at least a gyroscope and an accelerometer. The FES device can also comprise one or more electrode arrays configured to be in physical contact with the limb of the user. The processors can be programmed to execute instructions to retrieve readings from the IMU, calculate a gait cycle percentage by inputting at least the IMU readings into a machine learning algorithm, and instruct the EMS generator to provide electrical stimulation via the one or more electrode arrays based in part on the gait cycle percentage calculated.

A quality assurance apparatus for a cancer treatment system with an electric field, comprising: an electric field generator configured to transmit an electric field to an inside of an electromagnetic phantom through an electrode array attached to the electromagnetic phantom; a measurement unit configured to measure any one of a voltage, a current, and an electric field inside the electromagnetic phantom; a data collection unit configured to collect a value measured by the measurement unit and convert the measured value into a digital value; an analysis unit configured to calculate and monitor a distribution and intensity of the electric field inside the electromagnetic phantom through the value transmitted from the data collection unit; and a verification unit configured to verify the electric field monitored by the analysis unit.

A patient treatment unit and method analyzes and treats pain in tissues by applying an electrical pulse train to the affected tissue. The impedance of the affected tissue is measured, and the measured impedance is correlated to a level of pain in the patient. The pulse train is further applied in response to the measured impedance to reduce the patient's pain. The patient treatment unit includes a probe stimulus generator that outputs the pulse train. The treatment unit also includes a pair of probes for contacting the patient's body and receiving the pulse train. The pulse has improved shaping based on isolation of high voltage from a low voltage control. The unit further includes a body impedance analysis circuit that senses voltage and current via the probes when the probes are contacting the patient and observe the impedance. A monitor is electrically coupled to the body impedance analysis circuit and provides an indication of the measured impedance indicative of the patient's level of pain in real-time.

Portable non-invasive electrical nerve stimulation devices have an electrical one-piece module whose lower surface is configured to be applied to the outer surface of a human body. The one-piece module has a casing incorporating a pulse generator circuit connected to at least two electrodes preferably silicon-graphite electrodes, to deliver an electrical pulse to the nerve positioned in the human body through the electrodes. The one-piece module has a means of attachment to the human body. The means of attachment can be a single fastening system positioned on the upper part of an ankle, above the malleolus.

Wearable devices for providing therapy to a patient may include disposable or reusable treatment pads. The treatment pads may include electrodes and are configured to apply energy to various regions around the head and eyes. The treatment pads may provide therapy when the eyes are open or closed. The wearable device may include a battery and/or control circuitry for issuing therapy pulses through the electrodes.