A stimulation system stimulates anatomical targets in a patient for treatment of dry eye. The system may include a controller and a microstimulator. The controller may be implemented externally to or internally within the microstimulator. The components of the controller and microstimulator may be implemented in a single unit or in separate devices. When implemented separately, the controller and microstimulator may communicate wirelessly or via a wired connection. The microstimulator may generate pulses from a controller signal and apply the signal via one or more electrodes to an anatomical target. The microstimulator may not have any intelligence or logic to shape or modify a signal. The microstimulator may be a passive device configured to generate a pulse based on a signal received from the controller. The microstimulator may shape or modify a signal. Waveforms having different frequency, amplitude and period characteristics may stimulate different anatomical targets in a patient.

Peripheral nerve field stimulation (PNFS) may be controlled based on detected physiological effects of the PNFS, which may be an efferent response to the PNFS. In some examples, a closed-loop therapy system may include a sensing module that senses a physiological parameter of the patient, which may be indicative of the patient's response to the PNFS. Based on a signal generated by the sensing module, the PNFS may be activated, deactivated or modified. Example physiological parameters of the patient include heart rate, respiratory rate, electrodermal activity, muscle activity, blood flow rate, sweat gland activity, pilomotor reflex, or thermal activity of the patient's body. In some examples, a patient pain state may be detected based on a signal generated by the sensing module, and therapy may be controlled based on the detection of the pain state.

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for nerve conduction block. The systems and methods can utilize at least one rechargeable electrode. The methods can include delivering a first direct current with a first polarity to an electrode proximate nervous tissue sufficient to at least partially block conduction in the nervous tissue.

Personalized network searching, in which a search query is received from a user, and a request is received to personalize a search result. Responsive to the search query and the request to personalize the search result, a personalized search result is generated by searching a personalized search object. Responsive to the search query, a general search result is generated by searching the general search object. The personalized search result and the general search result are provided to a client device, an advertisement is selected based at least in part upon the personalized search object, and the advertisement, the personalized search result, and the general search result are displayed.

Electrical stimulation of neural activity in the neural innervation of the spleen that is associated with neurovascular bundles provides a useful way to treat acute medical conditions, such as trauma, hemorrhaging and shock.

Electrical stimulation of neural activity in the neural innervation of the spleen that is associated with neurovascular bundles provides a useful way to treat acute medical conditions, such as trauma, hemorrhaging and shock.

An apparatus includes a housing configured to be positioned within an ear canal of a recipient, at least one transducer, and at least one communication circuit. The at least one transducer is configured to respond to sound within the ear canal by generating output signals indicative of the sound. The at least one communication circuit has at least one resonance frequency and is configured to receive the output signals from the at least one transducer and to modulate the at least one resonance frequency in response to the output signals from the at least one transducer.

A wireless implantable neuromuscular stimulator includes an antenna for producing an induced current in response to being disposed in an electromagnetic field. The antenna includes a substrate having an upper surface and a lower surface. An upper coil including a plurality of coil turns is disposed on the upper surface of the substrate. A lower coil including a plurality of coil turns is disposed on the lower surface of the substrate. The upper and lower coils are electrically connected to each other in parallel. The parallel connection can be facilitated by a plurality of connectors that extend through the substrate and electrically connect the upper coil to the lower coil. In one example configuration, connectors connect each coil turn of the upper coil to a corresponding turn of the lower coil.

A neuromodulation therapy is delivered via at least one electrode implanted subcutaneously and superficially to a fascia layer superficial to a nerve of a patient. In one example, an implantable medical device is deployed along a superficial surface of a deep fascia tissue layer superficial to a nerve of a patient. Electrical stimulation energy is delivered to the nerve through the deep fascia tissue layer via implantable medical device electrodes.

A method and system for monitoring neuromuscular blockade in patients during surgical procedures. A stimulator provides stimulation to a nerve of the patient, such as train-of-four (TOF). Following such stimulation, the system and method creates a predicted recovery trend for the patient that is based upon measured recovery trend and a recovery model. The recovery model estimates a recovery trend for the patient based on initial model parameter values. The recovery model creates a predicted recovery trend that is used to estimate a recovery time for the patient. The trend values from the patient are monitored and compared to the predicted trend values throughout the operation as long as the NMT measurement is on. During recovery, the recovery model and recovery time estimates are updated based on the recovery trend being formed from measurements of the patient.