A method for producing cardiomyocyte cells including implanting a substrate within a heart such that a first portion of the substrate is in physical contact with an endocardium and a second portion of the substrate is not in contact with the endocardium, maintaining the first portion of the substrate in contact with the endocardium for a time at least sufficient to form trabecular fibers extending between the endocardium and the second portion of the substrate, cutting away the trabecular fibers from the endocardium, cutting away the trabecular fibers from the substrate, and removing the trabecular fibers from the heart, wherein the trabecular fibers include cardiomyocyte cells.

A rules engine acquires sensor data from sensors applied to the heart and determines whether an electrical waveform should be applied to the heart and, if so, the type of electrical waveform. A multi-phase cardiac stimulus generator generates waveforms in response to the rules engine from waveform data stored in a memory. The electrical waveform is applied to one or more electrodes implanted in or on the heart.

Sensors are applied to the heart and sensor data is supplied to a rules engine. The rules engine applies rules that reflect a CRM pharmaceutical regime of the patient to the sensor data to determine whether an electrical waveform should be applied to the heart. When electrical stimulation is warranted, the drug awareness rules are used by the rules engine to instruct a multi-phase cardiac stimulus generator to generate an electrical waveform that improves the performance of the drugs administered to the patient, allow the patient to be administered a lower dose of a particular drug, and/or reduce or eliminate side effects from the drugs.

A method of right atrial pacing of a heart of a patient includes the steps of: stimulating right atrial tissue of the heart using a right atrial lead of a dual chamber cardiac pacemaker to pace the heart with a stimulus architecture protocol; and stimulating local sympathetic and/or parasympathetic tissues with the stimulus architecture protocol proximate to the paced right atrial tissue causing nervous system activity that inhibits the autonomous nervous system to reduce blood pressure. A closed loop system operating according to this method and a cardiac pacing lead for implementing this method also are included within the scope of the illustrated embodiments.

A method of right atrial pacing of a heart of a patient includes the steps of: stimulating right atrial tissue of the heart using a right atrial lead of a dual chamber cardiac pacemaker to pace the heart with a stimulus architecture protocol; and stimulating local sympathetic and/or parasympathetic tissues with the stimulus architecture protocol proximate to the paced right atrial tissue causing nervous system activity that inhibits the autonomous nervous system to reduce blood pressure. A closed loop system operating according to this method and a cardiac pacing lead for implementing this method also are included within the scope of the illustrated embodiments.

An implantable electrical stimulating device and system provides for a remote determination of the identity of the person in whom the stimulating device is implanted. The stimulating device may be a pacemaker, a defibrillator, another medical device or a non-medical device. The bases for the remote identification are (1) the comingling of (A) biologic identification information of the person linked to the stimulating device, and (B) information pertaining to a physiologic parameter (e.g. heart rate information) of that person, and (2) the modulation of the physiologic parameter by external information. Embodiments of the invention in which the stimulating device is external to the person are possible. By utilizing the apparatus providing for the remote identification of a person plus stimulating device, one aspect of secure communicationthat based on reliable mutual identification of each participant in a communicationis achieved.

An aspect of some embodiments of the invention relates to providing acute non-excitatory electrical heart failure therapy to a patient according to one or more criteria. Exemplary criteria are one or more of suffering from an acute angina episode, a patient after a myocardial infraction episode, a patient after heart surgery, a patient that is already on a Cath-Lab and would be beneficial to see if the treatment could help the patient, patients that suffer from heart failure and optionally already receive chronic non-excitatory electrical heart failure therapy, a patient that requires an improvement in blood flow, patients that show positive results from trial activation of acute non-excitatory electrical heart failure therapy, patients that require assistance in performing daily activities, like exercise, social events, after taking certain drugs, performing intercourse, sleeping and suffer from emotional stress.

An implantable electrical pacing system provides for a remote determination of the identity of the person in whom the pacing device is implanted. The bases for the remote identification are (1) comingling of (a) biological identification information of the person linked to the pacing device, and (b) information pertaining to the timing of paced heart beats of the person; and (2) the modulation of the timing by a remote source. By utilizing the system to provide for the remote identification of a person-plus-device, one leg of a communication system having enhanced security is realized.

A system for cardiac electrical stimulation treatment, comprising: an implantable pulse generator; one or more leads extending from the pulse generator to the heart for applying cardiac electrical stimulation; a controller programmed with at least one treatment plan for applying cardiac electrical stimulations, the controller configured to automatically update the treatment plan in response to actual cardiac activity by updating one or more parameters including: a time period during which cardiac electrical stimulations are applied; a rate of cardiac electrical stimulations; an amount of energy delivered at each cardiac electrical stimulation.

The present invention relates to non-excitatory electrical heart failure therapy as a therapy for Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.