According to some aspects, a device is presented herein that is configured to be located underneath an eyelid and worn by a user for treating dry eye. The device includes a first surface configured to face a portion of a sclera of the eye, and a second surface configured to face an eyelid and to be completely covered by the eyelid. In some embodiments, the device further includes a plurality of stimulation electrodes proximal to the first surface, wherein the plurality of stimulation electrodes is configured to stimulate the sclera. The device further includes an energy storage element coupled to the plurality of stimulation electrodes. The energy storage element is configured to supply power to the plurality of stimulation electrodes. The device further includes a processor configured to control a supply of energy from the energy storage element to the plurality of stimulation electrodes to stimulate the sclera.

Cochlear implant systems can include a cochlear electrode and a stimulator in electrical communication with the cochlear electrode. The stimulator can be in communication with a controller, which is in communication with a testing circuit and a switching network. The stimulator can include a plurality of source elements. The controller can control the switching network to place the plurality of source elements into communication with the testing circuit. The controller can further cause one of the plurality of source elements to emit an electrical current and can determine an amount of electrical current emitted from the source element using the testing circuit. The controller can compare the determined amount of electrical current emitted by the source element with a prescribed current. The controller can adjust the output of each of the plurality of source elements based on the determined amount of electrical current emitted by the stimulator.

Cochlear implant systems can include a cochlear electrode and a stimulator in electrical communication with the cochlear electrode. The stimulator can be in communication with a controller, which is in communication with a testing circuit and a switching network. The stimulator can include a plurality of source elements. The controller can control the switching network to place the plurality of source elements into communication with the testing circuit. The controller can further cause one of the plurality of source elements to emit an electrical current and can determine an amount of electrical current emitted from the source element using the testing circuit. The controller can compare the determined amount of electrical current emitted by the source element with a prescribed current. The controller can adjust the output of each of the plurality of source elements based on the determined amount of electrical current emitted by the stimulator.

A controller-transmitter transmits acoustic energy through the body to an implanted acoustic receiver-stimulator. The receiver-stimulator converts the acoustic energy into electrical energy and delivers the electrical energy to tissue using an electrode assembly. The receiver-stimulator limits the output voltage delivered to the tissue to a predetermined maximum output voltage. In the presence of interfering acoustic energy sources output voltages are thereby limited prior to being delivered to the tissue.

One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system for treating obstructive sleep apnea in a subject. The system can include a power source and a neuromuscular stimulator in electrical communications with the power source. The neuromuscular stimulator can include a controller and at least one electrode. The controller can be configured to receive certain power and stimulation parameters associated with a therapy signal from the power source. The at least one electrode can be configured to deliver the therapy signal to a target tissue associated with control of a posterior base of the tongue of the subject.

The invention is an injectable wire structure electrode which assimilates with surrounding tissues after injection, inducing in-growth of blood vessels, collagen and other tissue. Assimilation secures the electrode to the tissue without sutures and prevents relative motion which can lead to inflammation and scarring. Associated methods of manufacturing and injection are disclosed, as well as systems including a dermal multiplexer for power delivery.

An apparatus includes at least one housing configured to be implanted on or within a recipients body. The apparatus further includes first circuitry configured to wirelessly receive power from a device external to the recipients body, second circuitry configured to provide stimulation signals to a portion of the recipients body, and at least one power storage device having a discharged state in which the at least one power storage device is discharged to a voltage below a minimum operating voltage of the at least one power storage device. The apparatus further includes third circuitry configured to, while the at least one power storage device is in the discharged state, controllably distribute the power simultaneously to both the second circuitry and the at least one power storage device.

A sensory unit for implant-supported dental implants or prostheses. The main unit is composed of two or more subunits, or devices. One of the units is placed in the region of the implant head, and will have the function of transforming the mechanical forces into an electrical signal. It can also be placed in the masticatory region of implant supported bridges or overdenture, to perform the same function, i.e., transforming mechanical loads into an electrical signal. A second unit, will receive by a wired or wireless electronic communication the electrical signal, and will convert it into a neurological stimulus perceived sensorially by the sensory endings of the trigeminal nerve, unilaterally, or bilaterally. This second unit will be arranged in the submucosa, in the vicinity of the nerve ending, taking advantage of the anatomical depressions or recesses in the region, and will establish a gradient of neurological stimulation towards the nerve ending.

Antibacterial coatings and methods of making the antibacterial coatings are described herein. A first branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) layer is formed and a first glyoxal layer is formed on a surface of the BPEI layer. The first BPEI layer and the first glyoxal layer are cured to form a crosslinked BPEI coating. The first BPEI layer can be modified with superhydrophobic moieties, superhydrophilic moieties, or negatively charged moieties to increase the antifouling characteristics of the coating. The first BPEI layer can be modified with contact-killing bactericidal moieties to increase the bactericidal characteristics of the coating.

Antibacterial coatings and methods of making the antibacterial coatings are described herein. A first branched polyethylenimine (BPEI) layer is formed and a first glyoxal layer is formed on a surface of the BPEI layer. The first BPEI layer and the first glyoxal layer are cured to form a crosslinked BPEI coating. The first BPEI layer can be modified with superhydrophobic moieties, superhydrophilic moieties, or negatively charged moieties to increase the antifouling characteristics of the coating. The first BPEI layer can be modified with contact-killing bactericidal moieties to increase the bactericidal characteristics of the coating.