A compound useful for treating leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome, having the structure of formula (I): ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1 is H or —C(═O)—O—R.sup.3, and R.sup.2 is H or —C(═O)—O—R.sup.4, provided R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are not both H; and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, and heteroalkyl. In an exemplary compound of formula (I), R.sup.1 is —C(═O)—O—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.3, and R.sup.2 is H.

A compound useful for treating leukemia or myelodysplastic syndrome, having the structure of formula (I): ##STR00001##
or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R.sup.1 is H or —C(═O)—O—R.sup.3, and R.sup.2 is H or —C(═O)—O—R.sup.4, provided R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are not both H; and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloheteroalkyl, and heteroalkyl. In an exemplary compound of formula (I), R.sup.1 is —C(═O)—O—CH.sub.2—CH.sub.3, and R.sup.2 is H.

The present invention relates to the role of purinergic receptors and ATP in T cell activation and autocrine system signaling. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating diabetes by administering a therapeutically effective inhibitor of ATP to a subject. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating fibrosis by administering a P2X7R soluble fusion protein. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating graft rejection by administering an inhibitor of P2X receptor signaling.

The present invention relates to the role of purinergic receptors and ATP in T cell activation and autocrine system signaling. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating diabetes by administering a therapeutically effective inhibitor of ATP to a subject. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating fibrosis by administering a P2X7R soluble fusion protein. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating graft rejection by administering an inhibitor of P2X receptor signaling.

The present invention relates to the role of purinergic receptors and ATP in T cell activation and autocrine system signaling. In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating diabetes by administering a therapeutically effective inhibitor of ATP to a subject. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating fibrosis by administering a P2X7R soluble fusion protein. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method of preventing or treating graft rejection by administering an inhibitor of P2X receptor signaling.

Provided are medical uses and methods for targeting cancer stem cells employing ProTide compounds, particularly in the prevention or treatment of cancer. The ProTide may be other than one selected from the group consisting of: NUC-1031; a ProTide derived from cordycepin; and a ProTide derived from 8-chloroadenosine. The medical uses and methods for targeting cancer stem cells are particularly useful in the treatment of relapsed or refractory cancer in human patients. Also provided are methods of selecting patients who will benefit from prevention or treatment of cancer through the medical uses or methods of treatment of the invention.

The invention provides combination therapy using enantiopure deuterium-enriched pioglitazone, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, diabetes, fibrotic disorders, and other disorders using the combination therapy.

The invention provides combination therapy using enantiopure deuterium-enriched pioglitazone, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, diabetes, fibrotic disorders, and other disorders using the combination therapy.

The invention provides combination therapy using enantiopure deuterium-enriched pioglitazone, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of treating nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, diabetes, fibrotic disorders, and other disorders using the combination therapy.

Provided are methods of treating cancer that comprise administering a polypeptide (e.g. a fusion polypeptide) that comprises a SIRPα D1 domain variant and an Fc domain variant in combination with at least one chemotherapy agent and/or at least one therapeutic antibody. Also provided are related kits.