A system includes a fluid source storing a fluid and a fluid line coupled to the fluid source and configured to pass the fluid therethrough. The system includes a bubble detector coupled to the fluid line downstream of the fluid source, the bubble detector configured to detect bubbles present in the fluid and to generate a bubble detection signal. The system also includes a valve coupled to the fluid line downstream of the fluid source, the valve configured to switch between a first configuration and a second configuration, where in the first configuration the valve directs the fluid through the fluid line and in the second configuration the valve directs the fluid through a drain line. The system further includes a controller coupled to the bubble detector and the valve, the controller configured to receive the bubble detection signal and to control the valve based on the bubble detection signal.

Methods for monitoring patient parameters and blood fluid removal system parameters include identifying those system parameters that result in improved patient parameters or in worsened patient parameters. By comparing the patient's past responses to system parameters or changes in system parameters, a blood fluid removal system may be able to avoid future use of parameters that may harm the patient and may be able to learn which parameters are likely to be most effective in treating the patient in a blood fluid removal session.

The invention relates to devices, systems, and methods for recharging zirconium phosphate and/or zirconium oxide in reusable sorbent modules. The devices, systems, and methods provide for precision recharging of the zirconium phosphate and/or zirconium oxide to avoid the need of excess recharge solutions. The devices systems and methods also provide for calculation of the volumes of recharge solution needed for fully recharging the zirconium phosphate and zirconium oxide modules.

The disclosure relates to a dialysis machine that comprises a dialyzer, a fluid source, a first line connected to the fluid source, and a container containing bicarbonate. The container connects to the first line and the fluid flows from the fluid source, through the first line, to the container. The dialysis machine further includes a second line connected to the container, a flow rate sensor connected to at least one of the lines, a pressure sensor configured for detecting fluid pressure of the container, a display, and a data processing apparatus. The data processing apparatus is configured to receive signals from the flow rate sensor and the pressure sensor. The data processing apparatus is configured to calculate a size of the container based on the received signals.

An extracorporeal blood treatment apparatus is provided comprising a filtration unit (2) connected to a blood circuit (17) and to a dialysate circuit (32), a preparation device (9) for preparing and regulating the composition of the dialysis fluid; a control unit (12) is configured for receiving a desired sodium mass transport at the end of the treatment session and for setting the sodium concentration value for the dialysis fluid in the dialysis supply line (8) at a set point to achieve the desired sodium mass transport at the end of the treatment session.

A fluid sensor system that is configured to perform in-line monitoring is disclosed. The fluid sensor system can include a sensor module that includes a sensing channel configured to receive a sample fluid, two or more calibration compartments, and a sensing element configured to interact with the sample fluid in the sensing channel. The fluid sensor system can include a reader that is electrically and mechanically coupled to the sensor module. The reader includes a controller that is configured to control operation of the fluid sensor system.

The disclosure relates to systems and methods for controlling the sodium and bicarbonate concentrations in a dialysate. The systems and methods can use conductivity sensors to control the addition of water and bicarbonate to accurately control the final concentrations of both sodium and bicarbonate.

A system for calculating cardiac output of a patient on an extracorporeal blood oxygenation circuit includes measuring first oxygenated blood flow rate by a pump in the extracorporeal circuit and a corresponding arterial oxygen saturation and recirculation in the extracorporeal circuit, then changing the pump flow rate, such as decreased, to produce a corresponding change in arterial oxygen saturation (wherein such change is outside of normal operating variances or drift), which change in the arterial oxygen saturation and recirculation are measured. From the first flow rate and the second flow rate along with the corresponding measured recirculation and the arterial oxygen saturation, the CO of the patient can be calculated, without reliance upon a measure of venous oxygen saturation. The system also includes an accommodation of oxygenation by the lungs of the patient during the extracorporeal blood oxygenation.

Dialysis patients may be affected by renal failure and may be affected by other health conditions, such as hypertension. During and between dialysis sessions, it may be advantageous to monitor various characteristics of the patient and of the dialysis system. As such, a system and method for dialysis biomarker monitoring is provided.

A method of measuring a dialysis efficacy, dialysis dose, and impacts of dialysis on a patient. The method including measuring a concentration of urea in a dialysis effluent over time; determining a rate of change in urea concentration; and determining the rate of peripheral perfusion from the rate of change in urea concentration. The concentration of urea may be taken in real time or near-real time. The method including determining changes in the rate of peripheral perfusion in real time or near real-time. The method including detecting disequilibrium between the core and peripheral blood and early onset of clinically adverse conditions.