Biological cell destruction is achieved through a combination of injection of a substance and application of an electrical field. The substance, such as a cationic polymer, is selected for its electrical characteristics which can add to the transmembrane electric field of a cell when the electrical field is applied. In some examples, electrical field application is performed to encourage spatial concentration of the injected substance favorable to increased transmembrane field strength. The biological cell or cells are destroyed primarily through irreversible electroporation.

An electrode device for use in delivery of electrical pulses to a desired tissue of a mammal. The electrode device comprises a handle portion comprising first second electrode connections, and first and second needle electrodes comprising a respective first and second attachment end. Each one of the first and second electrode connections is configured with an inner electrode position and an outer electrode position, wherein the inner and outer electrode positions are electrically conducting. Further, each one of the first and second attachment ends is configured with an insulating part configured to electrically insulate one out of the inner electrode position and the outer electrode position when located therein, and configured with an electrically conducting part configured to conduct current supplied to the other one out of the inner electrode position or the outer electrode position when located therein.

This document describes methods and materials for improving treatment of hypertension. For example, this document describes methods and devices for electroporation of nerves in the renal area to treat hypertension.

Nano-patterned devices for triggered intracellular delivery of active materials are disclosed. The device may comprise a nano-sized polyelectrolyte multilayer (PEM) comprising at least one layer of an electroactive polyelectrolyte polymer, where the PEM is configured to hold or receive an active material to be disposed within the multilayer and to release the active material under an electric field.

An oral appliance for the treatment of sleep disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea, in a user is presented. The oral appliance may include a mouthpiece configured to receive a user's dentition. The mouthpiece may include an oxygen sensor, a pressure sensor, an airflow sensor, an actigraphy sensor, a noise detector, and at least one stimulator for providing stimulation to a user's tongue in the event of decreased oxygen saturation levels, increased pressure applied to occlusal surfaces of the user's dentition, decreased actual airflow levels and/or increased noise levels. The mouthpiece may be provided with pharmaceutical compound reservoirs that deliver pharmaceutical compounds to the oral mucosa of the user, which compounds treat symptoms of sleep apnea. The mouthpiece may further include a microprocessor that receives data from the oxygen sensor, pressure sensor, airflow sensor, actigraphy sensor and noise detector, and activates the at least one stimulator and/or pharmaceutical compound reservoirs.

A device with in situ anode and cathode microneedles is used, either with or without any cosmetic, cosmeceutical, nutraceutical, and/or pharmaceutical composition or formulation. The in situ anode and cathode microneedles form battery cells or half-cells when placed in contact with an electrolyte found in bodily interface tissue, to produce an electromotive force without any additional chemical battery or power source. The microneedles may be composed of, or may carry (e.g., be coated with) electrical potential material(s) that has or have an electrical potential relative to an electrolyte in the bodily interface material. A first number of microneedles may, for instance, include a first electrical potential material having a first electrical potential. A second number of microneedles may, for instance, include a second electrical potential material having a second electrical potential. The first number of microneedles may thus serve as an anode, while the second number of microneedles may thus serve as a cathode. Alternatively, a number of microneedles may, for instance, include both a first electrical potential material and a second electrical potential material, having a first electrical potential and a second electrical potential, respectively. Respective portions of each of the microneedles may thus serve as an anode and a cathode. Again, such may be accomplished without any other or additional electrochemical battery.

Disclosed are high and low impedance systems and methods for the generation and use of constant intensity electric fields for a variety of applications. Electric fields may be generated through gas, liquid, or solid phase materials for a variety of purposes on a subject material itself, or on materials, particles, or objects mixed, dissolved, suspended, or otherwise entrained in such materials, or on both. A number of systems and methods involve certain device geometries, parallel alignment of the electric field vector with the material under treatment, separation of the high impedance electrodes from the material under treatment, voltage or current sourcing linear and quasilinear voltage ramp input waveforms, and the employment of a high impedance dielectric coating on one side of conductive substrates of electrodes that function as barriers to electronic and ionic current.

The present invention relates to a skin care device capable of simultaneously performing optical care and fine current care without the occurrence of electrical interference therebetween, and provides a skin care device comprising: a flexible circuit board; at least one light source element provided on one surface of the flexible circuit board; a first case on which the flexible circuit board is mounted; a hole provided in the first case and exposing the light source element; a connection part provided on a surface including the hole of the first case; an electrode patch, which can be attached/detached to/from the connection part, is electrically connected to the flexible circuit board while connected to the connection part, and includes a plurality of electrode elements forming at least one positive electrode and at least one negative electrode; and a control part connected to the flexible circuit board so as to apply voltage to the light source element or the electrode elements.

An adapter includes a first connector, a second connector, and a circuit that reverses a polarity of a signal received at the first connector. Moreover, a lead includes a connector including a cathode terminal and an anode terminal, an electrode including a tip and a ring, and a circuit that connects the anode terminal of the connector to the tip of the electrode and that connects the cathode terminal of the connector to the ring of the electrode.

This document describes methods and materials for improving treatment of hypertension. For example, this document describes methods and devices for electroporation of nerves in the renal area to treat hypertension.