A therapeutic electron transfer device including a half-cell and an ionically conductive path for ion transfer between an organism and the half-cell. The half-cell includes an electrically conductive electrode, an active material in contact with the electrode, and an electrically conductive path for electron transfer between the organism and the electrode. The active material includes an oxidizing agent or a reducing agent, such that electron transfer occurs spontaneously from or to the organism, respectively. A kit includes therapeutic electron transfer device and instructions for use. Two therapeutic electron transfer devices may be used simultaneously or alternately to provide electrons to an organism, withdraw electrons from an organism, or both.

A flexible device having a layered structure for delivering light or ultrasound to a skin surface. The device includes a flexible substrate that supports either a flexible light emitter layer or a flexible ultrasound emitter layer, as well as first and second flexible conductive layers. The device has a surface configured to face the skin surface, wherein (a) the light emitter layer emits pulsed light with an intensity that is substantially constant across the device's surface when driven by a power source connected to the conductive layers to thereby deliver a therapeutically effective dose of pulsed light to the skin surface or (b) the ultrasound emitter layer emits ultrasound with an intensity that is substantially constant across the device's surface when driven by a power source connected to the conductive layers to thereby deliver a therapeutically effective dose of ultrasound to the skin surface.

An oral appliance for the treatment of sleep disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea, in a user is presented. The oral appliance may include a mouthpiece configured to receive a user's dentition. The mouthpiece may include an oxygen sensor, a pressure sensor, an airflow sensor, an actigraphy sensor, a noise detector, and at least one stimulator for providing stimulation to a user's tongue in the event of decreased oxygen saturation levels, increased pressure applied to occlusal surfaces of the user's dentition, decreased actual airflow levels and/or increased noise levels. The mouthpiece may be provided with pharmaceutical compound reservoirs that deliver pharmaceutical compounds to the oral mucosa of the user, which compounds treat symptoms of sleep apnea. The mouthpiece may further include a microprocessor that receives data from the oxygen sensor, pressure sensor, airflow sensor, actigraphy sensor and noise detector, and activates the at least one stimulator and/or pharmaceutical compound reservoirs.

A device for treating human keratinous material, in particular with the aid of an electric current. The device includes a reservoir containing a composition, in particular cosmetic or dermatological, to be applied to the keratinous material, and an end fitting for the application of the composition contained in the reservoir, the end fitting comprising a plurality of application members and a distributor. The distributor includes at least one storage cavity for the composition and supply orifices to conduct the composition from the storage cavity or cavities to the application members, and the distributor being configured so that the flow rate of the composition arriving at the application members is identical to within 20% for at least two application members, better for each application member.

A topical medication including a therapeutically effective amount of an AMPK (adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase) agonist for use in the treatment of one or more the human or animal medical conditions. The medical conditions include, but are not limited to: shingles (herpes zoster), post-herpetic neuralgia (PHN), gout, migraine, trigeminal neuralgia, Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS), diabetic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, rheumatoid arthritis, insect-related wheals, urushiol-related rash, psoriasis, herpes simplex, atopic dermatitis (eczema), contact dermatitis, allergic dermatitis, neurotrophic ulcers, first- and second-degree burns (e.g., sunburn and chemical), fibromyalgia, rubeola, and acne. Also disclosed are a method of employing the composition and a wound dressing incorporating a therapeutically effective amount of an AMPK agonist in combination with an antimicrobial agent.

A detachable phototherapy device includes a substrate layer including a first portion, a second portion, and a bend portion connecting the first portion with the second portion. The detachable phototherapy device further includes a conductive layer printed on a first substrate surface of the substrate layer. The detachable phototherapy device further includes a plurality of light sources electrically coupled to the conductive layer. Further, the detachable phototherapy device includes a first electrode coupled to the first portion, and a second electrode coupled to the second portion. Also, the detachable phototherapy device includes a battery including a first battery terminal, and a second battery terminal. The battery is electrically coupled to one of the first electrode and the second electrode, at one of the first battery terminal and the second battery terminal, respectively, in a non-use state of the detachable phototherapy Device.

A flexible device having a layered structure for delivering light or ultrasound to a skin surface. The device includes a flexible substrate that supports either a flexible light emitter layer or a flexible ultrasound emitter layer, as well as first and second flexible conductive layers. The device has a surface configured to face the skin surface, wherein (a) the light emitter layer emits pulsed light with an intensity that is substantially constant across the device's surface when driven by a power source connected to the conductive layers to thereby deliver a therapeutically effective dose of pulsed light to the skin surface or (b) the ultrasound emitter layer emits ultrasound with an intensity that is substantially constant across the device's surface when driven by a power source connected to the conductive layers to thereby deliver a therapeutically effective dose of ultrasound to the skin surface.

Electrical stimulation of specific facial and lingual nerves creates a more sustained pulsatility activity compared to stimulation of other cranial nerves. Pulsatility of arteries has intrinsic time constraints related to the time for vasodilation/constriction and time to return to baseline (T.sub.BL) after electrical stimulation which may affect the pulsatility response. Control of temporal patterning and the stimulation waveform maximizes the physiological response to cerebral pulsatility and its resulting effects on cerebral spinal fluid penetration into the brain parenchyma for a multitude of therapeutic uses including clearing misfolded proteins and/or administered pharmacological agents, diluting endogenous neurochemical concentrations within the brain, and reducing non-synaptic coupling.

An iontophoresis system for positioning against skin of a subject is disclosed. The iontophoresis system can comprise at least one vessel having a solvent therein. An anode apparatus can couple to the at least one vessel. The anode apparatus can comprise a first reservoir configured to receive the solvent from the at least one vessel so that, when received into the first reservoir, the solvent makes contact with the skin of the subject, and a first electrode positioned above the first reservoir. A cathode apparatus can couple to the at least one vessel. The cathode apparatus can comprise a second reservoir configured to receive the solvent from the at least one vessel so that, when received into the first reservoir, the solvent makes contact with the skin of the subject, and a second electrode positioned above the second reservoir.

Embodiments of the invention provide methods for transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents for treatment of addictive cravings e.g., from nicotine. Embodiment of a method for such delivery comprises positioning at least one electrode assembly in electrical communication with a patient's skin. The assembly includes a solution comprising a therapeutic agent which passively diffuses into skin. A dose of agent is delivered from the assembly into skin during a first period using a first current having a characteristic e.g., polarity and magnitude, to repel agent out of the assembly. During a second period, a second current having a characteristic to attract agent is used to retain agent in the assembly such that delivery of agent into skin is minimized. In particular embodiments, a dose of agent may be delivered on-demand using an input from the patient using an inhalation sensing device which mimics an inhaled form of tobacco.