System (100) comprising a device (101) comprising a body (102), an ion conductive member (120), a first electrode (131), and a second electrode (132). The system (100) further comprises a source solution (141), a target solution (142), a first species (151), and a second species (152). A first end (121) of the ion conductive member (120) is arranged in contact with 5 the source solution (141). A second end (122) of the ion conductive member (120) is arranged in contact with the target solution (142). The first electrode (131) is arranged in contact with the source solution (141), the second electrode (132) is arranged in contact with the target solution (142), the first species (151) is in the source solution (141), and the second species (152) is in the target solution (142). Under the influence of an electrical field, the first species (151) is 10 transported through the ion conductive member (120) from the source solution (141) to the target solution (142) and interacts with the second species (152), such that at least one part (153) of the second species (152) is released.

Embodiments of the invention provide methods for transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents for treatment of addictive cravings e.g., from nicotine. Embodiment of a method for such delivery comprises positioning at least one electrode assembly in electrical communication with a patient's skin. The assembly includes a solution comprising a therapeutic agent which passively diffuses into skin. A dose of agent is delivered from the assembly into skin during a first period using a first current having a characteristic e.g., polarity and magnitude, to repel agent out of the assembly. During a second period, a second current having a characteristic to attract agent is used to retain agent in the assembly such that delivery of agent into skin is minimized. In particular embodiments, a dose of agent may be delivered on-demand using an input from the patient using an inhalation sensing device which mimics an inhaled form of tobacco.

Iontophoretically administering a cosmetic agent requires an active electrode and a return electrode secured to the skin (150). The active electrode includes a flexible biocompatible substrate (20, 170) having a therapeutic face (106, 206) configured for disposition toward the skin (150) and an exterior periphery (32, 182) shaped to facilitate conformance of the substrate (20, 170) to the skin (150) over an intended treatment region. A flexible electrically conductive layer (110, 210) is disposed on the therapeutic face (106, 206). The side of the conductive layer (110, 210) opposite from the substrate (20, 170) defines a driving face (120, 220) to which is affixed an electrically conductive adhesive matrix (82, 192) comprised of a material capable of repeatedly releasably securing the active electrode to the skin (150) through an applied solution (156, 158) of the cosmetic agent. A power source (76, 186) electrically connectable to the return electrode and to the conductive layer (110, 210) of the active electrode causes migration of the cosmetic agent away from the adhesive matrix (82, 192) into the skin (150).

A device for increasing a concentration of at least one analyte in an advective flow of biofluid includes an agent for enhancing a paracellular permeability of an epithelial tissue; and an iontophoresis electrode and a counter electrode, which are adapted to increase the concentration of said analyte in the advective flow of the biofluid. A method of sensing an analyte in a biofluid includes increasing a paracellular permeability of an epithelial tissue layer; and inducing electro-osmotic flow by reverse iontophoresis to increase a concentration of said analyte in an advective flow of the biofluid, wherein said advective flow is driven by at least one of saliva generation, sweat generation, or reverse iontophoresis.

Described are devices and methods that that include at least one sweat stimulating and collecting material, which can be a sweat stimulating and collecting iontophoresis material. In methods of stimulating and collecting sweat, the method may include (1) stimulating the production of sweat in a subject by delivering at least one sweat-stimulating substance out of a material and into contact with the skin of a subject, and (2) collecting at least a portion of the sweat in the material. Methods in accordance with principles of the present invention can also include transferring the material to a container, removing the material, and analyzing the sweat captured therein.

An apparatus for controlled healing of ocular erosions is described. The apparatus comprising; an optical surface comprising an energizable controller capable of being programmed to transmit energy from an energy source onto/into an ocular surface, through the use of a current generator in electrical connection with energy emitting contacts capable of transmitting an electric field. The controller, current generator and energy emitting contacts are biocompatible or encapsulated by a conductive biocompatible layer to allow positioning of said apparatus in an ocular surface.

Disclosed herein are formulations of dexamethasone or a prodrug thereof suitable for delivery by ocular iontophoresis and methods of use thereof.

A method of making and using a medical delivery device includes forming a first compartment to contain at least a portion of an activator, where forming the first compartment includes forming a first wall with a first ferrous material such that the first wall disintegrates in response to first electromagnetic radiation received by the first ferrous material. Upon contact, the activator activates one or more molecular nanomachines. The method also includes forming a second compartment adjacent to the first wall of the first compartment to contain the one or more molecular nanomachines. The second compartment includes a second wall that includes a second ferrous material. The second wall is configured to disintegrate and release one or more activated molecular nanomachines into a patient in response to second electromagnetic radiation received by the second ferrous material.

Embodiments of the invention provide methods for the transdermal delivery of therapeutic agents for the treatment of addictive cravings e.g., nicotine compounds for the treatment of nicotine cravings from tobacco use. An embodiment of a method for such delivery comprises positioning at least one electrode assembly in electrical communication with a patient's skin. The assembly includes a solution comprising a therapeutic agent which passively diffuses into the skin. A dose of agent is delivered from the assembly into the skin during a first period using a first current having a characteristic e.g., polarity and magnitude, to repel the agent out of the assembly. During a second period, a second current having a characteristic to attract the agent is used to retain the agent in the assembly such that delivery of agent into skin is minimized. A dose of agent may be delivered on demand by an input from the patient.

The present invention relates to apparatus for topical application of material for cosmetic purposes (10). The apparatus for topical application of material (10) comprises measurement apparatus configured to measure a property of skin of a human or animal subject and actuating apparatus configured to change a permeability of the skin of the human or animal subject in dependence on the measured property of the skin. The apparatus for topical application of material (10) further comprises application apparatus configured to apply material for cosmetic purposes to the skin whilst substantially no iontophoretic current flows through the skin and after the permeability of the skin has been changed.