The present application relates to an electrode pad comprising at least one electrode with an electrode terminal. A contact member such as a hydrogel is disposed on said electrode terminal and covered by a retainer mesh. The electrode terminal may be, for example, a silver electrode disposed on a flexible foil, and the contact member may be disposed in the aperture of a backing layer. The retainer mesh is designed to allow for an electrical contact of the contact member to an object such as the body of a person while at the same time mechanically retaining the contact member. Moreover, the electrode pad may comprise an array of several electrodes disposed on a carrier, said carrier having a slit separating at least two neighboring electrodes.

A WCD system is configured to detect when a therapy administered to a patient by the WCD system is unsuccessful, and in response determine whether to send notifications to remote non-witness responders. The WCD system may be configured to decide to send such notifications after the WCD system determines it has administered a predetermined number of unsuccessful shocks to the patient. The predetermined number of unsuccessful shocks may be the maximum number of unsuccessful shocks the WCD system will administer to a patient, or every Xth shock (e.g., 3.sup.rd shock). The WCD system can be configured to periodically resend the notification. The notifications may be in form of SMS, voice messages, emails, app notifications, etc. sent to cell phones, smartphones, computers, laptops, tablets etc. of the responders either directly, via a server, or via a CAD-coupled server.

A non-invasive electrical stimulator shapes an elongated electric field of effect that can be oriented parallel to a long nerve, such as a vagus nerve in a patient's neck, producing a desired physiological response in the patient. The stimulator comprises a source of electrical power, at least one electrode and a continuous electrically conducting medium in contact with the electrodes. The conducting medium is also in contact with an interface element that may conform to the contour of a target body surface of the patient when the interface element is applied to that surface. When the interface element is made of insulating (dielectric) material, and disclosed stimulation waveforms are used, the power source need not supply high voltage, in order to capacitively stimulate the target nerve. The stimulator produces a peak pulse that is sufficient to produce a physiologically effective electric field in the vicinity of a target nerve.

A skin dressing comprising first and second electrodes, an electrical power supply not electrically connected to either or both of the first and second electrodes, and further comprising a physiologically or antimicrobially active precursor substance, the dressing being operable, when placed on a skin site to be treated, to connect the electrical power supply to both the first and second electrodes, thereby to trigger the electrochemical oxidation or reduction of the precursor substance on one of the electrodes to produce a physiologically or antimicrobially active oxidized or reduced compound which is capable of diffusing towards the skin site for the treatment thereof.

Described herein are polymer formulations for facilitating electrical stimulation of nasal or sinus tissue. The polymer formulations may be hydrogels that are prepared by a UV cross-linking process. The hydrogels may be included as a component of nasal stimulator devices that electrically stimulate the lacrimal gland to improve tear production and treat dry eye. Additionally, devices and methods for manufacturing the nasal stimulators, including shaping of the hydrogel, are described herein.

In embodiments, a wearable cardiac defibrillator system includes an energy storage module configured to store a charge. Two electrodes can be configured to be applied to respective locations of a patient. One or more reservoirs can store one or more conductive fluids. Respective fluid deploying mechanisms can be configured to cause the fluids to be released from one or more of the reservoirs, which decreases the impedance at the patient location, and decreases discomfort for the patient. In some embodiments an impedance is sensed between the two electrodes, and the stored charge is delivered when the sensed impedance meets a discharge condition. In some embodiments, different fluids are released for different patient treatments. In some embodiments, fluid release is controlled to be in at least two doses, with an intervening pause.

A TENS apparatus includes a portable TENS device having a housing with a lower surface and a pair of integral electrodes that are incorporated into the lower surface of the housing. The portable TENS device includes a pulse driver that is located within the housing and adapted to generate a program of pulse waveforms for TENS therapy without a carrier wave, and a wireless transceiver component that is operatively connected to the pulse driver. The TENS apparatus includes a remote controller that is provided for communicating with the wireless transceiver component of the portable TENS device by means of a wireless communication signal in order to allow for wireless activation and control of the pulse driver of the portable TENS device.

Described herein are devices for applying an alternating electric field to a living subject or an in vitro medium at a frequency between 100 kHz and 500 kHz. Also described herein are methods of using the described devices for applying an AC electric field to a target region comprising rapidly dividing cells, e.g., cells associated with a variety of disorders or conditions. This abstract is intended as a scanning tool for purposes of searching in the particular art and is not intended to be limiting of the present disclosure.

In embodiments, a wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) system is configured to be worn by an ambulatory patient. In the event that the WCD system determines that defibrillation is needed, it delivers a defibrillation shock. To diminish the possibility that the patient will be shocked due to a false positive detection, the WCD system alerts a patient that a defibrillation shock is imminent, and invites them to react to avert it. Alerting may be by a very weak shock, or jolt. Alerting by a jolt can be a last resort warning. An advantage can be that the patient has a higher chance of being alerted by the jolt, especially in the event that the patient is not reacting to other human-perceptible alerts, such as when the patient is riding a motorcycle.

Devices and methods to deliver microcurrent stimulation therapy to the human body, when connected to a micro-stimulation current-generating apparatus. The method of applying microcurrent stimulation therapy to key points around the eye for treatment of problems such as macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, glaucoma, optic neuritis and other eye-related or nerve-related conditions, as well as other diseases, such as Bell's Palsy, requiring localized stimulation to the eyes and/or on other body parts.