An oral appliance for the treatment of sleep disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea, in a user is presented. The oral appliance may include a mouthpiece configured to receive a user's dentition. The mouthpiece may include an oxygen sensor, a pressure sensor, an airflow sensor, an actigraphy sensor, a noise detector, and at least one stimulator for providing stimulation to a user's tongue in the event of decreased oxygen saturation levels, increased pressure applied to occlusal surfaces of the user's dentition, decreased actual airflow levels and/or increased noise levels. The mouthpiece may further include a microprocessor that receives data from the oxygen sensor, pressure sensor, airflow sensor, actigraphy sensor and noise detector, and activates the at least one stimulator.

Disclosed are methods and systems for optimized deep or superficial deep-brain stimulation using multiple therapeutic modalities impacting one or multiple points in a neural circuit to produce Long-Term Potentiation (LTP) or Long-Term Depression (LTD). Also disclosed are methods for treatment of clinical conditions and obtaining physiological impacts. Also disclosed are: methods and systems for Guided Feedback control of non-invasive deep brain or superficial neuromodulation; patterned neuromodulation, ancillary stimulation, treatment planning, focused shaped or steered ultrasound; methods and systems using intersecting ultrasound beams; non-invasive ultrasound-neuromodulation techniques to control the permeability of the blood-brain barrier; non-invasive neuromodulation of the spinal cord by ultrasound energy; methods and systems for non-invasive neuromodulation using ultrasound for evaluating the feasibility of neuromodulation treatment using non-ultrasound/ultrasound modalities; neuromodulation of the whole head, treatment of multiple conditions, and method and systems for neuromodulation using ultrasound delivered in sessions.

A method of providing vagus nerve stimulation to a user is provided. The method includes the step of prompting, via a first audio cue emitted by an earpiece worn by a user, the user to inhale at a first point in time. The method may further include the step of prompting, via a second audio cue emitted by the earpiece, the user to exhale at a second point in time. The method may further include the step of stimulating a vagus nerve of the user with a first electrical signal generated by the earpiece at the second point in time. The first electrical signal may be applied to a concha of an ear of the user. The first electrical signal may be applied to an ear canal of the user. The first electrical signal may be applied to a tragus of the user.

Methods and systems of treating sleep disordered breathing in a patient suffering therefrom by activating one or more infrahyoid strap muscles are provided. Activation of one or more infrahyoid muscles can be accomplished by stimulating an ansa cervicalis, including one or both of the superior root and the inferior root of the ansa cervicalis, alone or in combination with stimulating the hypoglossal nerve.

An oral appliance is disclosed that provides electrical stimulation to a patient's tongue in a manner that prevents collapse of the tongue and/or soft palate during sleep. More specifically, the appliance may induce a reversible current or currents in a lateral direction across the tongue in a manner that shortens the patient's Palatoglossus muscle and/or Styloglossus muscle SGM, which in turn elevates the base of the tongue toward the roof of the oral cavity, changes the shape of the tongue, pulls the patient's soft palate downward towards a base of the tongue, and/or decreases a volume of the tongue.

Delivery of electrical stimulation to the substantia nigra and the subthalamic nucleus of a brain of a patient are independently controlled in order to treat sleep and movement disorders. Electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus may be effective in treating symptoms associated with a movement disorder, and electrical stimulation of the substantia nigra may be effective in treating symptoms associated with a sleep disorder. During a sleep state of the patient, a sleep stage of the patient may be determined, and an electrical stimulation device may be controlled based on the determined sleep stage. Electrical stimulation of the substantia nigra and subthalamic nucleus may be delivered at substantially the same time or at different times.

An oral appliance for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea includes a mouthpiece configured for being received in an oral cavity of a user. The mouthpiece may include a pulse oximeter, a pressure sensor, an airflow sensor, an actigraphy sensor, a noise detector, and at least one stimulator for providing stimulation to a user's tongue in the event of decreased oxygen saturation levels, increased pressure applied to occlusal surfaces of the user's dentition, decreased actual airflow levels and/or increased noise levels. A microprocessor receives data from the oxygen sensor, pressure sensor, airflow sensor, actigraphy sensor and noise detector, and activates the at least one stimulator.

Restless Leg Syndrome (RLS) or Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD) can be treated using high frequency (HF) electrostimulation. This can include selecting or receiving a subject presenting with RLS or PLMD. At least one electrostimulation electrode can be located at a location associated with at least one of, or at least one branch of, a sural nerve, a peroneal nerve, or a femoral nerve. HF electrostimulation can be delivered to the subject, which can include delivering subsensory, subthreshold, AC electrostimulation at a frequency that exceeds 500 Hz and is less than 15,000 Hz to the location to help reduce or alleviate the one or more symptoms associated with RLS or PLMD. A charge-balanced controlled-current HF electrostimulation waveform can be used.

An intra-oral appliance to power and/or communicate with a neurostimulator is provided. The intra-oral appliance can include a teeth covering configured to fit over mandibular incisor, canine and/or premolar teeth of a human being and a remote controller in the form of a housing extending posteriorly from and operably connected to the teeth covering. The housing can include a power source, a coupling coil configured to transmit power to the neurostimulator and configured to receive power from an external charger, and electrical circuitry operably connected to the coupling coil and the power source.

Electrical stimulation devices and associated systems and methods are disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the electrical stimulation device comprises an elongated member configured to be orally or nasally inserted into a patient's pharynx. The device may further include a conductive element carried by a distal portion of the elongated member and configured to deliver stimulation energy to nearby tissue to treat one or more of gastric motility, sleep apnea, and speech disorders.