The present disclosure pertains to a system configured to adjust an intensity of sensory stimulation delivered to a subject during a sleep session based on sleep depth in the subject during the sleep session. The restorative value of sleep may be increased by enhancing sleep slow-waves using sensory stimulation. The stimulation may be applied at an appropriate timing and/or intensity to enhance sleep slow-waves to enhance slow-waves without disturbing sleep.

Provided are systems, methods, and devices for brain stimulation and monitoring. Brain stimulation may be provided to enhance slow wave and spindle synchrony. Such stimulation may provide increased memory consolidation. Furthermore, brain stimulation modalities may provide enhanced sleep and awakening. For example, transcranial direct current stimulation of the brain stimulation may enhance sleep quality. Moreover, one or more markers characterizing unconsciousness are may be identified based on changes in measured power densities or spectra. Further still, the above described modalities of brain stimulation may be implemented in an open-loop or closed loop manner. Brain state parameters may be generated for building models of the brain based on determined synchrony patterns between slow waves and spindles. The models may be used to determine a mediation procedure for adjusting the intensity of slow wave oscillations to enhance slow wave and spindle synchrony.

An oral appliance for the treatment of sleep disorders, such as obstructive sleep apnea, in a user is presented. The oral appliance may include a mouthpiece configured to receive a user's dentition. The mouthpiece may include an oxygen sensor, a pressure sensor, an airflow sensor, an actigraphy sensor, a noise detector, and at least one stimulator for providing stimulation to a user's tongue in the event of decreased oxygen saturation levels, increased pressure applied to occlusal surfaces of the user's dentition, decreased actual airflow levels and/or increased noise levels. The mouthpiece may be provided with pharmaceutical compound reservoirs that deliver pharmaceutical compounds to the oral mucosa of the user, which compounds treat symptoms of sleep apnea. The mouthpiece may further include a microprocessor that receives data from the oxygen sensor, pressure sensor, airflow sensor, actigraphy sensor and noise detector, and activates the at least one stimulator and/or pharmaceutical compound reservoirs.

A neuromodulation system for treatment of physiological disorders. The system includes one or more stimulators for stimulating one or more cranial nerves; one or more detectors configured for detecting a predetermined physiological state; and a control unit that controls nerve stimulation by the one or more stimulators so that it is synchronized with the at least one predetermined physiological state detected by the one or more detectors. A method of neuromodulating a patient for treatment of physiological disorder. The method includes the steps of detecting a predetermined physiological state and applying stimulation to one of the cranial nerves during the predetermined physiological state by one or more stimulators of a neuromodulation system.

Described here is a deep brain stimulation (DBS) approach that targets several relevant nodes within brain circuitry, while monitoring multiple symptoms for efficacy. This approach to multi-symptom monitoring and stimulation therapy may be used as an extra stimulation setting in extant DBS devices, particularly those equipped for both stimulation and sensing. The therapeutic efficacy of DBS devices is extended by optimizing them for multiple symptoms (such as sleep disturbance in addition to movement disorders), thus increasing quality of life for patients.

A method of providing vagus nerve stimulation to a user is provided. The method includes the step of prompting, via a first audio cue emitted by an earpiece worn by a user, the user to inhale at a first point in time. The method may further include the step of prompting, via a second audio cue emitted by the earpiece, the user to exhale at a second point in time. The method may further include the step of stimulating a vagus nerve of the user with a first electrical signal generated by the earpiece at the second point in time. The first electrical signal may be applied to a concha of an ear of the user. The first electrical signal may be applied to an ear canal of the user. The first electrical signal may be applied to a tragus of the user.

Neuromodulation of cranial nerves can be used to treat sleep or breathing disorders, among other diseases and disorders. A neuromodulation system can include a housing configured for implantation in an anterior cervical region of a patient, such as at or under a mandible of the patient, such as at least partially in one or more of a submental triangle, a submandibular triangle, and a carotid triangle. The system can include an electrode lead coupled to the housing, and the electrode lead can include an electrode configured to be disposed at or near a cranial nerve target in the patient. The system can be configured to generate electrical neuromodulation signals for delivery to the cranial nerve target using the electrode.

Methods and systems for optimizing invasive and noninvasive brain stimulation are described herein. In a particular embodiment, methods and systems for a combinatorial, iterative approach to modify behavior are presented wherein deep brain stimulation (DBS) and other brain stimulation therapies are implemented in combination with monitoring the brain activity of an individual to optimize the effectiveness of the combinatorial approach to modify behavior. Methods described herein are iterative and systems described herein are utilized in iterative fashion. In a particular embodiment, modifying behavior provides a therapy for an individual in need thereof.

The present invention relates to an implantable probe comprising a sleeve adapted to be wound around an elongated cylindrical organ, such as a vagus nerve. The sleeve comprises a sheet of elastically deformable material carrying a detection/stimulation electrode being prestressed so as to allow its self-winding from an initial position where the sheet is held under stress in the deployed state to a final position where the sheet is freely spirally wound forming a sleeve around the organ. The sheet is delimited by inner and outer lateral edges of the sleeve after winding, a first transverse edge joining the first homologous ends of the first lateral edge and the second lateral edge, and a second opposite transversal edge joining homologous second ends of the first lateral edge and the second lateral edge. In the final position of the sleeve, the sheet comprises at least one area having a constraint near the first and/or second transverse edge.

A method and system for modulating a patient's responses to a medical intervention is provided. The method comprises provisioning a system with immersive content comprising visual content and associating at least one stimulation with the visual content, wherein the stimulation is selected from the group consisting of auditory stimulations, olfactory stimulations, gustatory stimulations, neurological stimulations, environmental stimulations, and tactile stimulations; allowing for the selection of an immersive experience from the immersive content; and responsive to said selection, rendering the immersive experience to the user by providing visual content to the user via a display device, and performing at least one stimulation associated with the visual content.