In a method of performing spinal reflex conditioning for an anatomical limb of a person, a spinal reflex is evoked by electrically stimulating a peripheral nerve of the anatomical limb, for example using stimulation electrodes disposed on an armband or leg band. The resulting spinal reflex is measured using electromyography (EMG) signals acquired from the anatomical limb. Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) is performed in response to the measured spinal reflex satisfying a positive reinforcement criterion. The EMG may be high density EMG (HD-EMG) measured using a sleeve with a high density array of electrodes (e.g., at least 100 electrodes in an arm sleeve).

Systems and methods for promoting neuroplasticity in a brain of a subject to improve and/or restore neural function are disclosed herein. One such method includes detecting residual movement and/or muscular activity in a limb of the subject, such as a paretic limb. The method further includes generating a stimulation pattern based on the detected movement and/or muscular activity, and stimulating the brain of the subject with the stimulation pattern. It is expected that delivering stimulation based on the detected residual movement and/or muscular activity of the limb will induce neuroplasticity for restoring neural function, such as control of the limb. A second method involves detecting brain signals and delivering contingent stimulation. A third method involves delivering pairs of successive stimulus patterns to two brain sites, controlled either by preprogrammed sequences or contingent on neural or muscular activity or movement.

A therapy method (for a patient having post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)) includes: providing an exposure event, to the patient, which is related to a traumatic event that contributed to the PTSD; and, during a therapy session which includes the exposure event, applying vagus nerve stimulation (VNS). A therapy method (for a patient having a given disorder, e.g., a phobia disorder or an obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) or an addiction disorder) includes: providing a therapy event (e.g., an extinction event for a phobia disorder), to the patient, which is related to one or more things that contributed to the given disorder; and during a therapy session which includes the therapy event, applying VNS.

The present invention provides systems and methods for modulating the plasticity and/or memory of the autonomic nervous system.

A device is provided for stimulating neurons that includes a non-invasive stimulation unit that generates stimuli in multiple stimulation channels. The stimulation unit generates the stimuli to stimulate a neuron population in the brain and/or spinal cord of a patient using the stimulation channels in different locations. Moreover, the device includes a control unit that controls the stimulation unit to repeatedly generates sequences of the stimuli with the order of the stimulation channels in which stimuli are generated within a sequence being constant for 20 or more successively generated sequences before it is varied.

A system for use in stimulating bone growth, tissue healing, and/or pain control is described. The system includes a screw, a battery, a controller, and means for connecting the battery such that current is routed from the battery through the screw and thence to a target area of interest requiring treatment. The screw includes an elongate shaft having a length extending between opposite ends. The shaft has an insulating coating extending along at least a portion of the length. The thickness of the insulating coating at various portions of the shaft is modulated to optimally direct current to a target area of interest requiring treatment. The controller adjusts the duty cycle of the current flow over the treatment period.

The present invention provides materials and methods for using electrical stimulation to treat a mammal having a proteinopathy (e.g., neurodegenerative diseases) or at risk of developing a proteinopathy are provided. For example, the present invention provides materials and methods for modulating glymphatic clearance (e.g., enhancing glymphatic clearance) of pathogenic proteins.

An implantable human-machine interfacing system is disclosed that includes an implantable muscle interface device including a substrate including a first plurality of sensors and a second plurality of amplifiers that capture and amplify, respectively, electromyographic (EMG) signals arising from motor units under control of neural signals representative of volitional limb movements; and a transceiver device connected to the first plurality of sensors that wirelessly transmits signals to an external decoder that produces decoded signals that discriminate motor signals representative of movements of the motor units, wherein the substrate at least partially surrounds a muscle from which the EMG signals arise; and a receiver device that uses the decoded signals for interaction with an external system. The system includes a first plurality of electrodes and a second implantable power source that imparts electrical stimulation to the underlying tissues and sensory axons within for the purposes of sensory feedback and neuromodulation.

One aspect of the present disclosure relates to a system that can modulate the intensity of a neural stimulation signal over time. A pulse generator can be configured to generate a stimulation signal for application to neural tissue of an individual and modulate a parameter related to intensity of a pattern of pulses of the stimulation signal over time. An electrode can be coupled to the pulse generator and configured to apply the stimulation signal to the neural tissue. A population of axons in the neural tissue can be recruited with each pulse of the stimulation signal.

A device that suppresses a pathological synchronous and oscillatory neuron activity, and includes a non-invasive stimulation for stimulation, using stimuli, of neurons in the patient's brain and/or spinal cord, where those neurons are showing pathologically synchronous and oscillatory neuron activity, and the stimuli are designed to suppress are this activity when administered to the patient. Moreover, a measuring unit records measurement signals reflecting the neuron activity of the stimulated neurons and a control and analysis unit controls the stimulation unit to administer stimuli, check the success of stimulation based on the measurement, and, if the stimulation success is not sufficient, insert one or more stimulation breaks in the application of the stimuli or extend one or more stimulation breaks, where no stimuli that could suppress the pathological synchronous and oscillatory neuron activity are applied during the stimulation breaks.