The subject matter of the present disclosure generally relates to techniques for neuromodulation of lymphatic tissue that include applying one or more energy pulses to a neuron of a subject, e.g., via an electrode positioned to deliver sufficient energy to the neuron, to modulate immune function. For example, an adaptive immune reflex of a subject may be modulated via neuromodulation.

A method and device for performing electrical current therapy on biological tissue. The device can operate continuously as a bio-energetic thermostat to continuously provide electrical current therapy, or based on sensing parameters and providing electrical current therapy only when the parameters indicate that the electrical current therapy is to be applied.

Stimulation of neural activity in a nerve supplying the spleen, wherein the nerve is adjacent to the splenic artery at a position where the splenic artery is not in direct contact with the pancreas, can modulate pro- and anti-inflammatory molecules levels, thereby reducing inflammation and providing ways of treating disorders, such as disorders associated with inflammation. The invention provides improved ways of reducing inflammation with minimized off-target effects, in particular surgical trauma.

Apparatus and methods for managing pain uses a single composite modulation/stimulation signal with variable characteristics to achieve the same results as separate varying electromagnetic signals, including spinal cord stimulation or peripheral nerve stimulation.

A method and device for performing electrical current therapy on biological tissue. The device can operate continuously as a bio-energetic thermostat to continuously provide electrical current therapy, or based on sensing parameters and providing electrical current therapy only when the parameters indicate that the electrical current therapy is to be applied.

Methods and systems for treating spasticity, hypertonia or dystonia are disclosed.

The occurrence of negative consequences (e.g., painful tetanic muscle contractions) associated with the onset response associated with kilohertz frequency alternating current (KHFAC) electrical nerve block can be reduced by fatiguing a muscle (through depletion of neurotransmitters at the neuromuscular junction, within a second) before applying KHFAC electrical nerve block to a nerve associated with the muscle. The nerve can first be stimulated with an electrical signal for a first time period to fatigue the muscle. Then, immediately following the first time period (while the muscle is fatigued), a blocking electrical signal (e.g., a kilohertz frequency alternating current waveform) can be applied to the nerve to create a localized nerve block.

An electro-therapy device that generates a mixed electrical signal through electrodes, wherein the mixed electrical signal is a combination of at least two different frequencies, a first frequency having a first minimum and maximum microamp range and a second frequency having a different second minimum and maximum microamp range. The higher of the two frequencies is superimposed on the lower frequency, creating a current intensity window as an envelope along a profile of the lower frequency. The mixed electrical signal is automatically applied for a pre-determined period of time, and amplitude and/or duration and/or frequencies is varied according to a pre-set schedule.

Apparatus is provided that includes an extracranial electrode, configured to be placed outside and in electrical contact with a skull of a subject identified as at risk of or suffering from a disease; and a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) electrode, configured to be implanted in a ventricular system of a brain of the subject. Control circuitry is configured to drive the extracranial and the CSF electrodes to clear a substance from brain parenchyma of the subject into the ventricular system of the brain. Other embodiments are also described.

Methods for treating a patient using therapeutic renal neuromodulation and associated devices, systems, and methods are disclosed herein. One aspect of the present technology is directed to biomarker sampling in the context of neuromodulation devices, systems, and methods. Some embodiments, for example, are directed to catheters, catheter systems, and methods for sampling biomarkers that change in response to neuromodulation. A system can include, for example, an elongated shaft and a neuromodulation and sampling assembly having a neuromodulation and a sampling element.