An implantable medical device is configured determine a numerical value of a variable that is monitored by the implantable medical device and convert the numerical value to a data sequence of modulated electrical stimulation rate intervals. The implantable medical device delivers electrical stimulation pulses according to the data sequence of modulated stimulation rate intervals to cause a modulated rate of activation of excitable tissue of a patient corresponding to the modulated stimulation rate intervals. The modulated rate of activation is detectable by a rate monitor for demodulation to the numerical value of the monitored variable data value. In some examples, the implantable medical device is a pacemaker delivering cardiac pacing pulses according to modulated pacing rate intervals to cause a modulated heart rate of the patient detectable by a heart rate monitor for demodulation to the numerical value of the monitored variable.

An example method for delivering neurostimulation energy may include performing a training procedure by delivering the neurostimulation energy to a neural target of the patient when the patient is at one or more postures. Electrical activity is sensed from the spinal cord, such as an electrospinogram (ESG). A relationship is determined between the sensed electrical activity and neurostimulation intensity that reduces influence of noise in the sensed electrical activity caused by dynamically changing posture of the patient using mathematical or statistical modeling of the extracted features. Stimulation parameters are modulated according to the determined relationship.

In embodiments, a pre-analyzing computer receives a data record that is created by a wearable medical system (“WMS”) which may implement a wearable cardioverter defibrillator (“WCD”). The WMS has created such data records from patient data captured when the WMS has detected that the patient was having episodes of potential interest for review by clinicians. Before this review, however, the pre-analyzing computer may parse the contents of a received data record and accordingly give it a score. The score may reflect the clinician's expected preference to review this data record before or after the others. For instance, a low score may be given to data records whose contents are likely not interpretable reliably due to noise or likely of low interest after all. The pre-analyzing computer may then perform a characterizing action with reference to the data record, for facilitating the clinician to find it by its score.

Systems and methods are described for denoising, or filtering out, unwanted noise or interference, from biological or physiological parameter signals or waveforms such as ECG signals caused by application of electromagnetic energy (e.g., electrical stimulation) in a vicinity of sensors configured to obtain the biological or physiological parameter signals.

A system for treating cardiac arrhythmias comprising a generator including: a sensing circuitry configured to evaluate one or more identified signals representative of electrical activity of the heart and detect an arrhythmia, a control circuitry that is configured to control delivery of a therapy in response to the detected arrhythmia, the therapy including a first stage of electrical pulses delivered via at least a first electrode, wherein the first set of electrical pulses is configured to destabilize and/or terminate a reentry associated with the arrhythmia, and a first lead coupled to the generator, wherein the first lead includes the first electrode.

A medical implant includes a sensor that detects electromagnetic waves; and a data transmission unit that can wirelessly transmit data supplied by the sensor to a receiving unit.

A pacemaker system includes a drive-sense circuit (DSC) operably coupled to a pacemaker lead. The DSC generates a pace signal including electrical impulses based on a reference signal. The DSC provides the pace signal via the pacemaker lead to an electrically responsive portion of a cardiac conductive system of a subject to facilitate cardiac operation of a cardiovascular system of the subject. The DSC senses, via the pacemaker lead, cardiac electrical activity of the cardiovascular system of the subject that is generated in response to the pace signal and electrically coupled into the pacemaker lead and generates a digital signal that is representative of the cardiac electrical activity of the cardiovascular system of the subject that is sensed via the pacemaker lead. The DSC provides digital information to one or more processing modules that includes and/or is coupled to memory and that provide the reference signal to the DSC.

An example of a system includes an implantable medical device (IMD) for implantation in a patient, where the IMD includes a cardiac pace generator, phrenic nerve stimulation (PS) sensor, a memory, and a controller, and where the controller is operably connected to the cardiac pace generator to generate cardiac paces. The controller is configured to provide a trigger for conducting a PS detection procedure and perform the PS detection procedure in response to the trigger. In performing the PS detection procedure the controller is configured to receive a signal from the sensor, detect PS using the signal from the sensor, and record the PS detection in storage within the IMD.

Medical devices are provided, comprising a medical device and a sensor.

Computer implemented methods and systems for detecting arrhythmias in cardiac activity are provided. The method is under control of one or more processors configured with specific executable instructions. The method obtains a far field cardiac activity (CA) data set that includes far field CA signals for beats. The method applies a feature enhancement function to the CA signals to form an enhanced feature in the CA data set. The method calculates an adaptive sensitivity level and sensitivity limit based on the enhanced feature from one or more beats within the CA data set and automatically iteratively analyzes a beat segment of interest by comparing the beat segment of interest to the current sensitivity level to determine whether one or more R-waves are present within the beat segment of interest. The method repeats the iterative analyzing operation while progressively adjusting the current sensitivity level until i) the one or more R-waves are detected in the beat segment of interest and/or ii) the current sensitivity level reaches the sensitivity limit. The method detects an arrhythmia within the beat segment of interest based on a presence or absence of the one or more R-waves and records results of the detecting of the arrhythmia.