A method is described, which provides electrical stimulation to a person, where the current flows from a subcranial electrode, through a target brain region, through a separate conductive path, and back to a subcutaneous electrode, and where the parameters of the electric current pulses are set to influence the resonant properties of the brain.

A medical lead includes a main body having a length extending from a proximal end to a distal end, a longitudinal axis parallel to the length, and a proximal portion adjacent to the proximal end and a distal portion adjacent to the distal end; a plurality of electrodes defining an electrode region; and an imaging marker positioned between the electrode region and the proximal end and separated from the electrode region by a distance in an axial direction. The imaging marker may include one or more marker segments. The imaging marker may be disposed in a pocket of a sleeve at least partially surrounding the main body and comprising one or more pockets for receiving the imaging marker. The medical lead may be operatively connected to an implantable medical device.

A method for labelling a portion of a device includes the steps of providing a first substrate layer of a transparent or translucent material, depositing a first coloured material onto the first substrate layer in a labelling portion of the layer, thereby obtaining a labelling item, and coupling the labelling item to the device. The method is particularly suitable for producing labelled stretchable devices such as soft body-implantable devices for sensing a physiological signal and/or stimulating an electrical and/or pharmacological activity of a body tissue or organ in a subject.

A stimulation system can include one or more stimulating components, each of which can include one or more electrodes and one or more leads. Each lead can be connected at a first end of the lead to an electrode of the one or more electrodes and can be connected at a second end of the lead to a bonding pad of the one or more bonding pads. The stimulation system can also include a cylindrical substrate. Each stimulating component can be secured to a surface of the cylindrical substrate. The stimulation system can further include a skull-mount package that includes electronics that identify stimulation parameters. The bonding pads can be electrically connected to the electronics. The skull-mount package can further include one or more bonding pads. Each lead can be directly electrically and physically connected to a bonding pad of the one or more bonding pads.

An intra-calvarial implant (ICI) includes a housing including a sealed compartment having a top part, a bottom part and a side wall, and a current directing mechanism extending from the bottom part of the sealed compartment. The ICI also includes one or more electrodes for sensing electrical signals from the brain and/or for electrically stimulating one or more regions of the brain. The ICI includes at least one auxiliary electrode (that may be a reference and/or source/sink electrode) and an electronic circuitry module (ECM), sealingly disposed within the sealed compartment and operatively connected to the one or more electrodes and to the at least one reference electrode. The ECM controls the operation of the ICI and wirelessly communicates with an external telemetry device. The ICI includes a power harvesting device electrically connected to the ECM of the ICI for providing power thereto.

Systems, apparatus, and methods for treating medication refractory epilepsy are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of treating epilepsy is disclosed comprising detecting, using a first electrode array coupled to a first endovascular carrier, an electrophysiological signal of a subject. The method further comprises analyzing the electrophysiological signal using a neuromodulation unit electrically coupled to the first electrode array and stimulating an intracorporeal target of the subject using a second electrode array coupled to a second endovascular carrier implanted within a part of a bodily vessel superior to a base of the skull of the subject.

Systems, apparatus, and methods for treating medication refractory epilepsy are disclosed. In one embodiment, a method of treating epilepsy is disclosed comprising detecting, using a first electrode array coupled to a first endovascular carrier, an electrophysiological signal of a subject. The method further comprises analyzing the electrophysiological signal using a neuromodulation unit electrically coupled to the first electrode array and stimulating an intracorporeal target of the subject using a second electrode array coupled to a second endovascular carrier implanted within a part of a bodily vessel superior to a base of the skull of the subject.

An implantable lead having adjustable electrode locations and a system for controlling the same. The implantable lead may include a plurality of first electrodes exposed and formed at an upper part of a main body at given intervals, a plurality of second electrodes coupled to a stepped lower part of the main body and configured to deliver a stimulus signal to a core area into which the lead is inserted, and a plurality of signal lines embedded in the main body and configured to connect the first electrodes and the second electrodes in a one-to-one manner. In this case, a slot for coupling and up and down movement of the second electrodes may be formed in the lower part. As the second electrodes are individually moved along the slot by an external force acting on the signal lines, locations of the second electrodes in the lower part may be adjusted.

A method is described, which provides electrical stimulation to a person, where the current flows from a subcranial electrode, through a target brain region, through a separate conductive path, and back to a subcutaneous electrode, and where the parameters of the electric current pulses are set to influence the resonant properties of the brain.

A shape memory material-based minimally invasive implantation with end part self-expanding structure, and an implant having the structure. The implant includes an actuating component; the implant has a first shape and a second shape, and comprises a central part and multiple end parts which are substantially symmetrically distributed; the second shape has a larger area than the first shape; the actuating component is able to enable the end parts to move along a direction away from the central part of the implant, so that the implant is transformed from the first shape to the second shape. The present invention can allow an implant to have a small size before it is implanted and to be expanded into a structure having a larger size after implantation.