A nucleotide is useful in preparation of drugs for preventing and treating allergic rhinitis and other diseases or in functional foods for relieving allergic rhinitis symptoms. The nucleotide is a mixture of five nucleotides, i.e., CMP, AMP, UMP, GMP and IMP, with a small molecular weight, rapid absorption into the human body and high bioavailability. The intake of nucleotide can play a role of treating allergic diseases by alleviating allergic rhinitis symptoms, relieving allergy-induced splenomegaly, significantly reducing histamine levels in serum and nasal lavage fluid, and effectively regulating inflammatory factors.

Disclosed are nutritional compositions including 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) in combination with lutein and RRR-alpha-tocopherol. The nutritional compositions are useful for improving at least one of gut function, health, and development in an individual. In certain embodiments, the nutritional compositions can improve growth or maturation of the gut, as well as promote a healthy balance of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract thereby treating and/or preventing formula intolerance or other gastrointestinal diseases and/or disorders resulting from suboptimal gastrointestinal flora population/balance.

Disclosed are nutritional compositions including 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) in combination with lutein and RRR-alpha-tocopherol. The nutritional compositions are useful for improving at least one of gut function, health, and development in an individual. In certain embodiments, the nutritional compositions can improve growth or maturation of the gut, as well as promote a healthy balance of beneficial bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract thereby treating and/or preventing formula intolerance or other gastrointestinal diseases and/or disorders resulting from suboptimal gastrointestinal flora population/balance.

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating liver fibrosis or liver cirrhosis, comprising 8-OHdG or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a method for preventing or treating liver fibrosis or liver cirrhosis using the same, and a food composition for ameliorating liver fibrosis or liver cirrhosis, comprising 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. As use of the pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating liver fibrosis or liver cirrhosis can reduce levels of various markers whose expression level increases due to induced liver fibrosis, the pharmaceutical composition can be widely used in the effective prevention or treatment of liver fibrosis or liver cirrhosis induced thereby.

The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating liver fibrosis or liver cirrhosis, comprising 8-OHdG or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a method for preventing or treating liver fibrosis or liver cirrhosis using the same, and a food composition for ameliorating liver fibrosis or liver cirrhosis, comprising 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. As use of the pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating liver fibrosis or liver cirrhosis can reduce levels of various markers whose expression level increases due to induced liver fibrosis, the pharmaceutical composition can be widely used in the effective prevention or treatment of liver fibrosis or liver cirrhosis induced thereby.

The present invention relates to oligomeric nucleic acid molecules and uses thereof for treating hearing loss. The present invention relates to small activating nucleic acid molecules for treating hearing loss. The small activating nucleic acid molecules of the present invention can be double-stranded or single-stranded RNA molecules targeting the promoter region of an ATOH1 gene comprising a first nucleic acid strand and a second nucleic acid strand. The double-stranded RNA molecule targeting the promoter region of the ATOH1 gene comprises two nucleic acid strands of 16 to 35 nucleotides in length, wherein one nucleic acid strand has at least 75% homology or complementarity to a target selected from the promoter region of the ATOH1 gene. The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the small activating nucleic acid molecules and optionally, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and methods for upregulating the expression of the ATOH1 gene and ATOH1 protein in a cell and treating diseases or conditions, related to insufficient or decreased expression of the ATOH1 gene by using the small activating nucleic acid molecules, or the pharmaceutical composition.

Disclosed herein are novel drug carriers including a non-aqueous pH dependent release system and a non-aqueous pH dependent reassembly/assembly and reabsorption/absorption system. The carriers are capable of pH dependent release of biologically active agents and assembly or reassembly when the carrier transitions from a low pH environment, to a high pH environment and back to a low pH environment.

Disclosed herein are novel drug carriers including a non-aqueous pH dependent release system and a non-aqueous pH dependent reassembly/assembly and reabsorption/absorption system. The carriers are capable of pH dependent release of biologically active agents and assembly or reassembly when the carrier transitions from a low pH environment, to a high pH environment and back to a low pH environment.

Infant formulas that include at least one human milk oligosaccharide selected from 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA), where the AA and DHA are present in an n-6/n-3 ratio of between 1 and 1.8, at least 30 mg/L of nucleotides, where the nucleotides include inosine monophosphate, and at least 30 μg/L of lutein are disclosed. Also provided are methods of use of the infant formulas for improving at least one of cognition, learning, and memory in an infant. The methods include administering the infant formulas to an infant.

Infant formulas that include at least one human milk oligosaccharide selected from 2′-fucosyllactose (2′-FL) and lacto-N-neotetraose (LNnT), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (AA), where the AA and DHA are present in an n-6/n-3 ratio of between 1 and 1.8, at least 30 mg/L of nucleotides, where the nucleotides include inosine monophosphate, and at least 30 μg/L of lutein are disclosed. Also provided are methods of use of the infant formulas for improving at least one of cognition, learning, and memory in an infant. The methods include administering the infant formulas to an infant.