A method to visualize, display, analyze and quantify angiography, perfusion, and the change in angiography and perfusion in real time, is provided. This method captures image data sequences from indocyanine green near infra-red fluorescence imaging used in a variety of surgical procedure applications, where angiography and perfusion are critical for intraoperative decisions.

The present invention provides a laparoscopic surgery method comprising inspection of peritoneal surfaces under an isotonic solution comprising a contrast enhancing agent using near contact scanning by a laparoscope. Accordingly, the method according to the current invention comprises introducing the solution and the contrast enhancing agent into the retroperitoneal space through a catheter or a channel of a laparoscope using an irrigation pump. The present invention provides also an isotonic laparoscopy solution comprising a contrast enhancing agent enhancing the contrast of the laparoscopic view.

Embodiments disclosed herein relate to internal combustion engines, combustion systems that include such internal combustion engines, and controls for controlling operation of the combustion engine. The internal combustion engine may include one or more mechanisms for injecting fuel, air, fuel-air mixture, or combinations thereof directly into one or more cylinders, and controls may operate or direct operation of such mechanisms.

A method for observing the morphology of a biological tissue is disclosed. The method involves administering a combination of fluorescent dyes into the biological tissue. The combination of fluorescent dyes includes two or more fluorescent dyes selected from a group consisting of: patent blue V, isosulfan blue, toluidine blue, hypericin, indocyanine green, MVAC, and doxorubicin. The method further involves using a microscopic imaging system to form an image of the biological tissue. The microscopic imaging system forms the image based on a contrast resulting from the combination of fluorescent dyes. A concentration of the first fluorescent dye depends on an administration route. A fluorescence of the combination of fluorescence dyes reveals the morphology of the biological tissue at a cellular scale. The fluorescence is observed by means of one of: ex vivo microscopy and in vivo microscopy.

Methods of delivering agents to structures within the eye are provided.

A surgical visualization and medical imaging device and related computer based imaging methods and systems are disclosed. The surgical devices of the present invention use indocyanine green dye combined with a plastic, and are used in enhanced surgical imaging in applications such as robotically assisted surgeries. A near infrared light source, such as an 805 nm laser, may be used to excite the surgical device so that the device emits 835 nm light. Both the excitation and emission wavelengths penetrate tissue and blood, and provide enhanced imaging of surgical procedures. The resulting fluorescence image allows a user to readily determine relative tissue depth, to identify tissue inhomogeneity, to detect masses or tissue irregularities, to pinpoint anatomical holes, and to visualize tears.

Methods of imaging described herein comprises disposing a first and second ultrasound-switchable fluorophore in an environment; exposing the environment to an ultrasound beam to create an activation region; disposing the first and/or second fluorophore within the activation region to switch the first and/or second fluorophore from an off state to an on state; exposing the environment to a beam of electromagnetic radiation; detecting a first photoluminescence signal at a first location within the environment, the photoluminescence signal comprising at least one of a first ultrasound fluorescence signal emitted by the first fluorophore, a first fluorescence signal emitted by the second fluorophore, and a background signal; correlating the first photoluminescence signal with a first reference signal to generate a correlation coefficient for the first location; and multiplying the first photoluminescence signal by the first correlation coefficient for the first location to generate a first modified photoluminescence signal for the first location.

The invention provides methods for pre- and intra-operatively localizing penile sentinel lymph nodes by injection of fluorescent dyes into penile tumors.

The invention is directed to a staining composition and to the use of the staining composition in staining ocular tissue. In a first aspect, the invention provides a staining composition comprising a vital dye and a density increasing compound chosen from the group consisting of water soluble polymers and small inert molecules.

This invention relates to, in part, methods and compositions that are useful for the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a blinding eye disease, including in the discovery of drugs that are efficacious against these diseases. Diseases include, for example, age related macular degeneration and reticular pseudodrusen disease, and the methods described herein include, for example, the method named delayed near infrared analysis (DNIRA).