Methods and systems for optimizing invasive and noninvasive brain stimulation are described herein. In a particular embodiment, methods and systems for a combinatorial, iterative approach to modify behavior are presented wherein deep brain stimulation (DBS) and other brain stimulation therapies are implemented in combination with monitoring the brain activity of an individual to optimize the effectiveness of the combinatorial approach to modify behavior. Methods described herein are iterative and systems described herein are utilized in iterative fashion. In a particular embodiment, modifying behavior provides a therapy for an individual in need thereof.

Devices, methods and systems for transmitting signals through a device located in a blood vessel of an animal, for stimulating and/or sensing activity of media proximal to the device, wherein the media includes tissue and/or fluid.

Differential charge-balancing can be used in high-frequency neural stimulation. For example, a neural stimulation apparatus can have first and second electrodes configured to be coupled proximate to a nerve fiber to implement a neural stimulation procedure. A neural stimulation circuit can be electrically coupled to the first and second electrodes. The neural stimulation circuit can apply stimulation currents to the nerve fiber through the first and second electrodes during a first stimulation phase of the neural stimulation procedure. The neural stimulation circuit can also apply a modified stimulation current to the nerve fiber through the first electrode during a second stimulation phase of the neural stimulation procedure. The modified stimulation current can be generated based on a difference between (i) a voltage at the first electrode, and (ii) a reference voltage derived from voltages on the first and second electrodes.

In some examples, a processor of a system evaluates a therapy program based on a score determined based on a volume of tissue expected to be activated (VTA) by therapy delivery according to the therapy program. The score may be determined using an efficacy map comprising a plurality of voxels that are each assigned a value. In some examples, the efficacy map is selected from a plurality of stored efficacy maps based on a patient condition, one or more patient symptoms, or both the patient condition and one or more patient symptoms. In addition, in some examples, voxels of the efficacy map are assigned respective values that are associated with a clinical rating scale.

A system for treating a patient comprises a stimulator for stimulating brain tissue, a controller for setting stimulation parameters and a diagnostic tool for measuring patient parameters and producing diagnostic data. The stimulation parameters comprise test stimulation parameters and treatment stimulation parameters. The stimulator delivers test stimulation energy to the brain tissue based on at least one test stimulation parameter and delivers treatment stimulation energy to the brain tissue based on at least one treatment stimulation parameter. One or more treatment stimulator parameters are determined based on the diagnostic data produced by the diagnostic tool The system is constructed and arranged to treat a neurological disease or a neurological disorder. Methods of treating a neurological disease or neurological disorder are also provided.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for deploying a paddle neurostimulation lead within a patient. A delivery tool includes a delivery tube including a first linear segment, a second linear segment, and an arcuate segment coupled between the first and second linear segments, the second linear segment defining an elongated opening. The delivery tool further includes a stylet positioned within an interior of the delivery tube, and a handle coupled to the delivery tube and including a stylet actuation mechanism, the stylet actuation mechanism configured to selectively advance and retract the stylet between a deployed position and a retracted position, wherein the stylet extends across the elongated opening in the deployed position to engage an engagement member of the paddle neurostimulation lead.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for deploying a paddle neurostimulation lead within a patient. A delivery tool includes a delivery tube including a first linear segment, a second linear segment, and an arcuate segment coupled between the first and second linear segments, the second linear segment defining an elongated opening. The delivery tool further includes a stylet positioned within an interior of the delivery tube, and a handle coupled to the delivery tube and including a stylet actuation mechanism, the stylet actuation mechanism configured to selectively advance and retract the stylet between a deployed position and a retracted position, wherein the stylet extends across the elongated opening in the deployed position to engage an engagement member of the paddle neurostimulation lead.

The present disclosure provides a method and system for treating affective disorders such as depression and/or anxiety and/or related disorders through neuromodulatory intervention that includes brain targets within the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC). This method includes the application of electrical stimulation through an electrical signal generator device where the distal end of the device comprises at least one stimulating electrode in contact with the OFC. The treatment system includes patient selection, implantation of at least one stimulating electrode in contact with the OFC, acute or chronic electrical stimulation of the OFC, and evaluation of the effects of stimulation on clinical symptoms and status.

A device is described, which provides electrical stimulation to the brain of a person, where the device comprises one or more modules, each module comprising an implantable pulse generator (IPG) and a lead with at least one subcranial electrode, which extends into or near the surface of the brain. Each module's IPG comprises a battery and a subcutaneous electrode. Each module is inserted into a burr hole, and a seal fills the space to minimize electric current flow between the subcutaneous electrode and subcranial electrode.

A brain computer interface (BCI) system for modulating cognitive performance. The system includes one or more electrode sets for sensing signals associated with neuronal electrical activity in one or more cortical regions of the user and for providing stimulating signals to one or more target brain regions, at least one processor/controller in communication with the one or more electrode sets, and at least one power source. The processor/controller is programmed to process signals sensed in the one or more cortical regions for detecting an indication associated with an intention to perform a cognitive task and/or the presentation of a cognitive task and/or the performing of a cognitive task, and to control the stimulating of the one or more target brain regions responsive to the detecting of the indication for modulating the cognitive performance of the user. The target brain regions may include cortical regions, deep brain structures, and combinations thereof.