Disclosed are methods and systems for treating epilepsy by stimulating a main trunk of a vagus nerve, or a left vagus nerve, when the patient has had no seizure or a seizure that is not characterized by cardiac changes such as an increase in heart rate, and stimulating a cardiac branch of a vagus nerve, or a right vagus nerve, when the patient has had a seizure characterized by cardiac changes such as a heart rate increase.

A bioelectric interface is provided. The bioelectric interface comprises a case having a channel configured to hold a nerve. An electrode array is slidably coupled to the case, wherein the electrode array comprises a number of electrode shanks. The case restricts movement of the electrode array to one degree of freedom toward or away from the nerve held in the channel for insertion of the electrode shanks into the nerve.

A system for controlling blood pressure includes a wearable interface having an internal contact surface, the wearable interface configured to at least partially encircle a first portion of a first limb of a subject, a sensing module carried by the wearable interface and configured to determine at least a change in blood pressure of the first limb of the subject, and an energy application module carried by the wearable interface and configured to apply energy of two or more types to the first limb of the subject.

Systems and methods for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) featuring a device that targets the vagal nerve fiber looped around both right and left main bronchi. The system comprises digital and analog electronics; a strain sensor for measuring arterial pressure operatively connected to the electronics, and a stimulator for selectively stimulating a vagus nerve operatively connected to electronics. The system is a closed- loop system. The strain sensor has sufficient flexibility to wrap around an artery. The system stimulates the vagus nerve with specific electrical signals that relax the smooth muscle of pulmonary vascular tree. The electric stimulation can be controlled to achieve localized pulmonary vascular smooth muscle relaxation with non or minimal systemic side effects.

This document discusses, among other things, systems and methods to generate a first pacing waveform during a first pacing period and a second pacing waveform during a second pacing period, to alternate first and second pacing periods to provide pacing-based hypertension therapy to a heart of a patient to reduce patient blood pressure, to receive information indicative of patient metabolic demand, and to determine an adjusted pacing-based hypertension therapy parameter using the received information indicative of patient metabolic demand, wherein the first pacing waveform has a first atrioventricular (AV) delay and the second pacing waveform has a second AV delay longer than the first AV delay.

Disclosed are methods and systems for treating epilepsy by stimulating a main trunk of a vagus nerve, or a left vagus nerve, when the patient has had no seizure or a seizure that is not characterized by cardiac changes such as an increase in heart rate, and stimulating a cardiac branch of a vagus nerve, or a right vagus nerve, when the patient has had a seizure characterized by cardiac changes such as a heart rate increase.

A medical device control unit is provided. The control unit may include a communications interface, a memory, and at least one processing device. The processing device may be configured to cause application of a control signal to a primary antenna associated with a unit external to a subject's body. The processing device may further be configured to monitor a feedback signal indicative of the subject's breathing and store, in the memory, information associated with the feedback signal. The processing device may also cause transmission of the stored information, via the communications interface, to a location remote from the control unit. The processing device may further be configured to receive an update signal, from the location remote from the control unit, and cause application of an updated control signal to the primary antenna based on the update signal.

Devices and methods of use for introduction and implantation of an electrode structure for baroreflex activation therapy, as part of a minimally invasive implant technique. An implantable baroreflex activation system includes a control system having an implantable housing, an electrical lead, attachable to the control system, and an electrode structure. One or more of the electrical lead or electrode structure may include elements to improve fixation at a target implant location. Improvements to delivery tools associated with implant are also described.

A device for the treatment of snoring is provided. The device may include a flexible substrate configured for removable attachment to a subject's skin, a primary antenna disposed on the flexible substrate, an interface configured to receive a feedback signal that varies based upon a breathing pattern of the subject; and at least one processing device. The processing device may be configured to analyze the feedback signal and determine whether the subject is snoring based on the analysis of the feedback signal, and if snoring is detected, cause a hypoglossal nerve modulation control signal to be applied to the primary antenna in order to wirelessly transmit the hypoglossal nerve modulation control signal to a secondary antenna associated with an implant unit configured for location in a body of the subject.

The present disclosure presents methods and apparatuses for mapping a target physiological region, for example, during baroreceptor stimulation therapy. In an aspect, such an example apparatus of the present disclosure may include a surgical instrument configured to be securely coupled to a patient and to allow access to a target physiological region. Furthermore, the example apparatus may include an attachment element coupled to the surgical instrument and configured to releasably engage a lead, stabilize the lead during mapping of the target physiological region, and allow the lead to be repositioned relative to the target physiological region.