Embodiments of the disclosure include systems and method for spinal cord stimulation. A spinal cord stimulator may comprise a pulse generator comprising electronic circuitry configured to generate output current; at least one lead in communication with the generator and configured to extend into the epidural space of a patient's spinal column; at least one electrode contact located proximate to a distal end of the at least one lead and configured to provide electric stimulation to a portion of a patient's spinal cord; and at least one sensor located along the at least one lead configured to determine a distance between the at least one lead and a surface of the patient's spinal cord, wherein the generator receives the determined distance, and wherein the generator is configured to adjust the stimulation provided by the at least one electrode contact based on the determined distance.

Methods of providing electrical neural modulation to a patient's brain are disclosed herein. The methods involve differentially modulating two or more target regions of the brain. For example, a first target region may be provided with an electrical neural modulation signal that activates that target region while a second target region is provided with an electrical neural modulation signal that suppresses or deactivates that target region. As the implantable pulse generators (IPGs) described herein include independent current sources, such differential modulation can be provided with a single IPG.

Methods and systems for using sensed neural responses for informing aspects of stimulation therapy are disclosed. For example, features of evoked neural responses, such as evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) can be used for closed-loop feedback control of stimulation parameters. Aspects of the disclosed methods and systems can differentiate between changes in the sensed neural responses that are caused by the environment at stimulating electrodes and changes in the neural responses that are caused by the environment at sensing electrodes. Embodiments determine changes in the morphology of the neural responses, which morphology changes indicate a degree of change in the stimulating environment. Algorithms and systems for assigning and tracking likelihoods for underlying electrode-tissue changes based on sensed neural responses are disclosed. The feedback control modality may be updated based on such likelihoods. Also disclosed are methods and systems for determining which features of evoked neural responses are more sensitive to changes in the stimulating environment and less sensitive to changes in the sensing environment.

A system for stimulation of a nucleus basalis of Meynert (NBM) of a patient includes an implantable electrical stimulation lead including electrodes and configured for implantation of at least one of the electrodes adjacent to or within the NBM of the patient; and an implantable pulse generator coupleable to the implantable electrical stimulation lead and configured for delivering electrical stimulation to the NBM through at least one of the electrodes of the implantable electrical stimulation lead, the implantable pulse generator including at least one processor configured to, upon user request, during an initial stimulation period, which is at least 1 month in duration and has a start and an end, increase over time at least one of a duration or an amplitude of the electrical stimulation from an initial value at the start of the initial stimulation period to a final value at the end of the initial stimulation period.

Systems and methods are provided for delivering vagus nerve stimulation and cardioversion/defibrillation therapies to patients for treating chronic heart failure. The vagus nerve stimulation and cardioversion/defibrillation therapies may be provided using a single implantable pulse generator, which can coordinate delivery of the therapies to provide an acute vagus nerve stimulation therapy in advance of delivering cardioversion-defibrillation energy.

A system example may include electrodes operationally positioned for use in delivering sub-perception neural modulation, a neural modulator configured to use at least some electrodes to generate a modulation field, and a feedback system configured to receive a feedback signal that a generated modulation field provides a perceived or measurable response. A control system may implement a calibration process including controlling the neural modulator to generate the modulation field using a first and second stimulus pulse with a first and second pulse width, respectively, and using the feedback system to determine a first and second reference point that represents an intensity of the modulation field generated using the first and second pulse widths, respectively, that provides the response, and deriving sub-perception calibration data specific to sub-perception modulation delivered using a sub-perception pulse with a sub-perception pulse width.

Techniques for programming electrical stimulation therapy intensity based on electrical charge are described. In some examples, a display presents a stimulation intensity value in units of electrical charge, e.g., Coulombs. In such examples, a user may adjust the displayed charge value, rather than pulse amplitude or pulse width, to adjust the intensity of the electrical stimulation therapy. In some examples, a processor determines modifications to pulse amplitude and pulse width based on the modification to the charge value. In some examples, a processor modifies a pulse amplitude and width to achieve a desired charge, while maintaining a relationship between pulse amplitude and width specified by a predetermined function. In some examples, the function may be programmed, e.g., selected or adjusted, by a user.

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for disrupting neuronal oscillations. A neurostimulation system includes a stimulation lead comprising at least one contact, and an implantable pulse generator (IPG) communicatively coupled to the stimulation lead and configured to cause stimulation to be applied to a patient using no more than two contacts of the stimulation lead by causing a first burst of stimulation to be delivered, and causing a second burst of stimulation to be delivered within a neuronal refractory period that follows the first burst of stimulation.

A system for aiding a user includes a stimulator, a sensor, a memory, and a control system. The stimulator is configured to be positioned in the user adjacent to an airway of the user. The sensor is configured to generate data associated with the airway of the user. The memory stores machine-readable instructions. The control system includes one or more processors configured to execute the machine-readable instructions to determine, based at least on an analysis of the generated data, that the user is currently experiencing an apnea event. In response to the determination that the user is currently experiencing an apnea event, the control system causes the stimulator to provide electrical stimulation, at a first intensity level, to one or more muscles of the user that are adjacent to the airway to aid in stopping the apnea event.

Methods and systems for determining sub-perception stimulation for a patient having a spinal cord stimulator device are disclosed. In one example, an external device includes an algorithm configured to determine a stimulation program for the stimulator device. The algorithm includes a model that comprises pre-determined energy values that cause sub-perception stimulation. The algorithm is configured to determine stimulation parameters for the stimulation program that yield an energy value within the first model. The energy values in the model may be expressed as a function of frequency. The model in particular provides optimal sub-perception stimulation at low frequencies, such as at 1 kHz and below, or even at 400 Hz and below.