Disclosed herein are devices and methods used with neurostimulation therapy for spinal cord injury. More particularly, embodiments of the present invention relate to a sync pulse detector and methods for synchronizing signals from an implanted neurostimulator with measured physiological responses and other data.

This document discusses a medical system for coupling to one or more implantable electrodes. The medical system includes a sensing circuit, memory, and processing circuitry. The sensing circuit is configured to sense one or more neural signal representative of neural activity of a subject when connected to an implantable electrode of the one or more implantable electrodes, and the memory is to store a reference signal that is representative of a neural response associated with a state of arousal at or near an anatomical location of the implantable electrode. The processing circuitry is configured to compare the one or more sensed neural signals to the reference signal, and to determine a depth of anesthesia of the subject according to the comparison of the one or more sensed neural signals and the reference signal.

Synchronized stimulation of cardiac tissue can be implemented by implanting two or more rectifier-based AM receivers into different positions within a subject's heart. Each receiver is tuned to a different frequency, and generates an output signal that is capable of stimulating cardiac tissue when a signal at the corresponding tuned frequency arrives at the receiver. An AM transmitter can activate any given one of the receivers by transmitting a signal into the subject's body at the proper frequency. A controller controls the transmitter by commanding the transmitter to transmit pulses of AC at different frequencies at different times, so that when those pulses are received by the correspondingly-tuned receivers, each of the receivers will generate respective output signals that stimulate respective parts of the heart at respective times to promote improved cardiac performance.

Methods and systems for neurostimulation are provided. In one example, a neurostimulation system may include a stimulation module, the stimulation module providing a first stimulation block and a second stimulation block. The neurostimulation system may further include a stimulation interference estimation module for providing an interference model for estimating a spatial interference between the first stimulation block and the second stimulation block. In some examples, the stimulation interference estimation module may reconfigure one or more of the first and the second stimulation blocks to reduce temporal overlap of the stimulation blocks.

Methods and apparatuses (e.g., devices and systems) for vagus nerve stimulation, including (but not limited to) sub-diaphragmatic vagus nerve stimulation. In particular, the methods and apparatuses described herein may be used to stimulate the posterior sub-diaphragmatic vagus nerve to treat inflammation and/or inflammatory disorders. The implantable microstimulators described herein may be leadless and batteryless.

Described is a low voltage, pulsed electrical stimulation device for controlling expression of klotho, a useful protein, by tissues. Also described are methods of enhancing expression of klotho in cells.

A method of treating tinnitus comprising measuring a patient's hearing, determining the patient's hearing loss and the patient's tinnitus frequency using the measurements of the patient's hearing, programming a clinical controller with the measurements of the patient's hearing, selecting a plurality of therapeutic tones, where the therapeutic tones are selected to be at least a half-octave above or below of the patient's tinnitus frequency, setting an appropriate volume for each of the plurality of tones, repetitively playing each of the plurality of therapeutic tones, and pairing a vagus nerve stimulation pulse train with each playing of a therapeutic tone, thereby reducing the patient's perception of tinnitus.

The present disclosure relates generally to using detected bladder events for the diagnosis of urinary incontinence or the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction. A system includes a sensing device comprising a pressure sensor to directly detect a pressure within a bladder. The sensing device is adapted to be located within the bladder. The system also includes a signal processing device to: receive a signal indicating the detected pressure within the bladder; detect a bladder event based the detected pressure within the signal; and characterize the bladder event as a bladder contraction event or a non-contraction event. The characterization of the bladder event can be used in the diagnosis of urinary incontinence or the treatment of lower urinary tract dysfunction.

A computer brain interface (CBI) device of an individual is self-calibrated. A neurostimulation test signal is generated based on a selected set of test signal parameters. The neurostimulation signal is applied to the afferent sensory nerve fibers to elicit a bioelectric response via a neurostimulation interface operably connected to or integrated with the CBI device. The neurostimulation interface senses the bioelectric responses of the stimulated afferent sensory nerve fibers. The CBI devices determines, based on the sensed bioelectric responses, whether an excitation behavior of the stimulated afferent sensory nerve fibers with respect to the neurostimulation interface has changed. When the excitation behavior has changed, a set of recalibrated neurostimulation signal parameters is determined based on the sensed bioelectric responses. The CBI device is operated using the recalibrated neurostimulation signal parameters to communicate information to the individual via neurostimulation of the afferent sensory nerve fibers.

A computer brain interface (CBI) device of an individual applies a burst sequence of stimulation pulses to afferent sensory nerve fibers to elicit a bioelectric response via a neurostimulation interface operably connected to or integrated with the CBI device. The neurostimulation interface senses the bioelectric responses of the stimulated afferent sensory nerve fibers. The CBI device derives, based on the sensed bioelectric responses, a neural excitability profile characterizing a non-linear, dynamic excitation behavior of the afferent sensory neurons corresponding to the applied sequence of stimulation pulses. At least one stimulation parameter of the current set of stimulation parameters is adjusted based on the derived excitability profile to obtain an updated set of stimulation parameters.