An implantable neurostimulation system comprises at least one neural interface device for stimulating and/or inhibiting neural activity in a nerve such as the cervical vagus nerve. The device comprises first and second electrodes and at least one signal generator configured to generate first and second electrical signals that stimulate and/or inhibit neural activity in the nerve via the first and second electrodes. The first electrical signal is configured to stimulate neural activity in the nerve to cause at least one pre-determined physiological response; and the second electrical signal is configured to inhibit neural activity in the nerve to at least partially suppress the least one pre-determined physiological response.

A system for brain stimulation of a patient is provided, the system having an implantable stimulator, at least one sensor component for acquiring at least one measure indicative of patient's mood, and at least one implantable stimulation electrode, designed for providing electrical pulses stimulating inside the patient's brain. The at least one stimulation electrode is connectable, through an implantable connector, to the implantable stimulator, the implantable stimulator having at least one programmable channel for conducting the electrical stimulation pulses to the at least one stimulation electrode, and being adapted for receiving continuous input signals from the at the least one sensor component. The system also has a computational unit for processing the at least one measure, and a patient's body external control interface (5) for patient and/or physician interactions.

An example of a neurostimulation system may include a storage device, a programming control circuit, and a graphical user interface (GUI). The storage device may be configured to store a stimulation waveform representing a pattern of neurostimulation pulses. The programming control circuit may be configured to generate stimulation parameters controlling delivery of the neurostimulation pulses according to the stimulation waveform. The GUI may be configured to define the stimulation waveform as a function of one or more adjustable parameter curves each being a function of time. The one or more adjustable parameter curves each represent a user-programmable parameter. The GUI includes a waveform definition module that may be configured to present the stimulation waveform, present each parameter curve of the one or more adjustable parameter curves, allow for adjustment of the each parameter curve, and update the stimulation waveform in response to the adjustment of the each parameter curve.

In an example method for increasing synaptic gain in a region of a brain of a subject, a first electromagnetic pulse is applied to a first neural element of a first neuron of the subject using a first electrode. The first neural element includes a first synapse coupled to a second neuron of the subject. Subsequent to applying the first electromagnetic pulse to the first neural element, a second electromagnetic pulse is applied to a second neural element of the second neuron using a second electrode.

A subcutaneous implant, including: (a) a circuitry unit having a first end, a second end, a conducting lateral side, and an opposing lateral side; (b) a first electrode, disposed on an outer surface of the circuitry unit and laterally circumscribing the circuitry unit at the first end; (c) a second electrode, disposed on the outer surface of the circuitry unit and laterally circumscribing the circuitry unit at the second end; (d) circuitry, disposed within the circuitry unit, and configured to be wirelessly powered to drive an electrical current between the electrodes; and (e) an insulating member, disposed on the opposing lateral side such that, on the opposing lateral side, each electrode is sandwiched between the insulating member and the circuitry unit, and the insulating member inhibits electrical conduction from the electrodes into the tissue. Other embodiments are also described.

In some examples, a technique for delivering electrical stimulation therapy to a patient includes determining, by processing circuitry, one or more cycle settings associated with delivery of the electrical stimulation therapy, determining, by the processing circuitry, a cycle time period associated with each cycle setting, and delivering, by a medical device, electrical stimulation therapy based on the determined cycle settings and the determined cycle time periods. Each cycle setting may define an on-cycle, during which electrical stimulation is delivered, and an off-cycle, during which electrical stimulation is not delivered. The technique further may include delivering electrical stimulation to the patient to provide one or more reminders to the patient, such as a reminder to void or a reminder of the existence of electrical stimulation.

A method of applying a neural stimulus with an implanted electrode array involves applying a sequence of stimuli configured to yield a therapeutic effect while suppressing psychophysical side effects. The stimuli sequence is configured such that a first stimulus recruits a portion of the fibre population, and a second stimulus is delivered within the refractory period following the first stimulus and the second stimulus being configured to recruit a further portion of the fibre population. Using an electrode array and suitable relative timing of the stimuli, ascending or descending volleys of evoked responses can be selectively synchronised or desynchronised to give directional control over responses evoked.

This invention relates to devices, methods and substances for use in the treatment of hypertension and/or elevated blood pressure in a subject.

Systems, methods and devices for paired training include timing controls so that training and neural stimulation can be provided simultaneously. Paired trainings may include therapies, rehabilitation and performance enhancement training. Stimulations of nerves such as the vagus nerve that affect subcortical regions such as the nucleus basalis, locus coeruleus or amygdala induce plasticity in the brain, enhancing the effects of a variety of therapies, such as those used to treat tinnitus, stroke, traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder.

Various embodiments concern delivering electrical stimulation to the brain at a plurality of different levels of a stimulation parameter and sensing a bioelectrical response of the brain to delivery of the electrical stimulation for each of the plurality of different levels of the stimulation parameter. A suppression window of the stimulation parameter can be identified as having a suppression threshold as a lower boundary and an after-discharge threshold as an upper boundary based on the sensed bioelectrical responses. A therapy level of the stimulation parameter can be set for therapy delivery based on the suppression window. The therapy level of the stimulation parameter may be set closer to the suppression threshold than the after-discharge threshold within the suppression window. Data for hippocampal stimulation demonstrating a suppression window is presented.