External system software is disclosed that automatically varies the location at which stimulation is applied to the patient in an Implantable Pulse Generator (IPG). Location variation occurs in an area defined with reference to the electrode array, and may occur randomly or via pre-defined path within the area. Preferably the area is defined around a single location deemed optimal for the patient. Parameters relating to the area and to how often the stimulation is moved can be set automatically or manually by a user of the software. The area may be defined using a probability distribution function (PDF) that tends to keep the stimulation at or close to an optimal position, while still allowing the location to be set anywhere in the area. The area may also be defined in the software using measured parameters indicative of the effectiveness of stimulation at different locations.

An electrical stimulation lead includes a lead body insertable into a patient. Electrodes are disposed along the lead body. The electrodes include at least two sets of segmented electrodes. Each set of segmented electrodes includes a first segmented electrode and a second segmented electrode radially spaced apart from one another around a circumference of the lead body. A tab is disposed on the first segmented electrode of each set of segmented electrodes. The tabs extend into the lead body. A guide feature is disposed on the tabs. The guide features are each radially aligned with one another along the length of the lead body. Conductors extend along the length of the lead body from a proximal end to the electrodes. Each of the conductors is electrically coupled to at least one of the electrodes. At least one of the conductors extends through the radially-aligned guide features of the tabs.

A lead having proximal and distal ends. At the distal end, a first branch includes a first biasing member and a first insulation covering. The first biasing member is disposed within the first insulation covering, which in turn includes a first inner surface. At the distal end, a second branch includes a second biasing member and a second insulation covering. The second biasing member is disposed within the second insulation covering, which in turn includes a second inner surface. The branches define a receiving channel and a stimulation region. The biasing members are movable away from each other to receive a target anatomy through the receiving channel and biasly movable toward each other to retain the target anatomy within the stimulation region. An electrode is disposed on one or both of the inner surfaces adjacent to the stimulation region, and is operable to stimulate the target anatomy.

Described here are bioelectric modulation systems and methods for generating rotating or spatially-selective electromagnetic fields. A modulation system includes a multichannel electrode with independently controllable electrode channels that can be operated to generate rotating electromagnetic fields that stimulate cells regardless of their orientation, or to generate spatially-selective electromagnetic fields that preferentially stimulate cells oriented along a particular direction. The bioelectric modulation system may be implemented for stimulation of neurons or other electrically active cells. The bioelectric modulation described here may be used for a variety applications including deep brain stimulation (DBS), spinal cord and vagus nerve stimulation, stimulation of myocardial (heart) tissue, and directional stimulation of muscles.

An implantable wireless lead includes an enclosure, the enclosure housing: one or more electrodes configured to apply one or more electrical pulses to a neural tissue; a first antenna configured to: receive, from a second antenna and through electrical radiative coupling, an input signal containing electrical energy, the second antenna being physically separate from the implantable neural stimulator lead; one or more circuits electrically connected to the first antenna, the circuits configured to: create the one or more electrical pulses suitable for stimulation of the neural tissue using the electrical energy contained in the input signal; and supply the one or more electrical pulses to the one or more electrodes, wherein the enclosure is shaped and arranged for delivery into a subject's body through an introducer or a needle.

One aspect of the present disclosure relates to lead assemblies for stimulating tissue. The lead assemblies can include lead bodies that are slid ably coupled to each other and include one or more contacts that are movably disposed within the slits of the lead bodies. The positions of the one or more contacts can be adjusted to change the direction of stimulation. For example, the positions of the one or more contacts can be adjusted based on theoretically-optimal positions determined from a patient-specific computer model. Parameters of the stimulation applied by the one or more contacts can also be optimized based on the patient-specific computer model.

In one aspect, the invention comprises an implantable living electrode comprising a substantially cylindrical extracellular matrix core; one or more neurons implanted along or within the substantially cylindrical extracellular matrix core, the one or more neurons including one or more optogenetic or magnetogenetic neurons proximal to a first end of the implantable living electrode.

A system for adjusting neuromodulation parameters used by a neuromodulator operably connected to a plurality of electrodes to modulate a neural target, may comprise a translation trigger detector configured to determine that a translation trigger has occurred, a first parameter setting storage configured to store first parameter settings for use by the neuromodulator to modulate the neural target, and a neuromodulation parameter translator. The neuromodulation parameter translator may be operably connected to the translation trigger detector to automatically translate the first parameter settings into a second parameter settings in response to determining the translation trigger has occurred, and replace the first parameter settings with the second parameter settings, or store the second parameter settings in a second parameter setting storage. Automatically translating may include either automatically translating from cathodic parameter settings to anodic parameter settings, or automatically translating from anodic parameter settings to cathodic parameter settings.

This document discusses, among other things, systems and methods for delivering electrostimulation to specific tissue of a patient. An example of a system can receive a three-dimensional voxelized model representing a plurality of regions each specified as a target region or an avoidance region. The system includes control circuitry to determine a metric value using the voxelized model. The metric value indicates a clinical effect of electrostimulation on the plurality of regions according to a stimulation current and a current fractionalization. The control circuitry can determine a desired stimulation current that results in a first metric value satisfying a clinical effect condition. The system can generate a stimulation configuration including the desired stimulation current and the current fractionalization corresponding to the first metric value, and deliver tissue stimulation according to the stimulation configuration.

A neuromodulation probe includes a body and at least one coil set. The body has a first axis and a length along the first axis. The at least one coil set includes at least one coil, and the at least one coil is formed by winding spirally a conductive wire plural times about a second axis inside the body or on an outer surface of the body. The second axis is parallel to the first axis. The at least one coil has two opposite wire ends for providing an electric current to flow in or out of the at least one coil.