A brain computer interface (BCI) system for modulating cognitive performance. The system includes one or more electrode sets for sensing signals associated with neuronal electrical activity in one or more cortical regions of the user and for providing stimulating signals to one or more target brain regions, at least one processor/controller in communication with the one or more electrode sets, and at least one power source. The processor/controller is programmed to process signals sensed in the one or more cortical regions for detecting an indication associated with an intention to perform a cognitive task and/or the presentation of a cognitive task and/or the performing of a cognitive task, and to control the stimulating of the one or more target brain regions responsive to the detecting of the indication for modulating the cognitive performance of the user. The target brain regions may include cortical regions, deep brain structures, and combinations thereof.

In accordance with the present invention, various embodiments of neurostimulators and stimulation systems are disclosed that provide different shapes and patterns of stimulus pulses and trains of pulses with fixed and no fixed frequencies. The neurostimulator can be configured to provide high frequency stimulation and also be implantable in the head or neck regions in order to stimulate nerves and nerve ganglions in the head and neck regions and also stimulate the brain.

Provided is a device for relieving headache and pain caused by temporomandibular joint disorders may include: a body having a neck band surroundingly worn on a user's neck, first connectors extending forwardly from both ends of the neck band by first set lengths, and second connectors extending upwardly from front ends of the first connectors by second set lengths; first low frequency electrostimulators disposed on the second connectors and coming into close contact with the temporalis muscles, when the body is worn on the user's head, to apply low frequencies to the temporalis muscles; and second low frequency electrostimulators disposed on the connected portions between the first connectors and the second connectors and coming into close contact with the masseter muscles, when the body is worn on the user's head, to apply low frequencies to the masseter muscles.

The invention comprises SCENAR-therapy or other methods of electric stimulation, where an inductive energy storage unit is used to generate stimuli, and can be applied for therapeutic, rehabilitation, research, and preventive purposes. The invention includes applying electrodes on tissues and transmitting through them bursts of electrical stimuli. The stimuli are controlled based on processes occurring in these tissues as a result of their interaction with the electrical stimuli. The exposure duration and/or stimuli parameters are controlled according to the free oscillation parameters. The invention includes three types of parameter measurements: measuring parameters while the current stimulus burst is acting; measuring parameters of the last stimulus of each burst; and generating a probing sole stimulus before the main burst and measuring parameters of this stimulus. In all three cases, the exposure duration and/or the parameters of the subsequent stimuli are controlled based on the results of these measurements.

In various embodiments, methods are provided for improving, and/or regulating, and/or restoring respiration in a subject with a respiratory deficiency. In certain embodiments the methods involve neuromodulating the cervical spinal cord of a subject by administering transcutaneous stimulation to the cervical spinal cord or a region thereof at a frequency and intensity sufficient to regulate and/or to restore respiration; and/or neuromodulating the cervical spinal cord of a subject by administering epidural stimulation to the cervical spinal cord or a region thereof at a frequency and intensity sufficient to regulate and/or to restore respiration; and/or neuromodulating the cervical spinal cord of a subject with a magnetic stimulator at a frequency and intensity sufficient to regulate and/or to restore respiration.

A neuromodulation system comprises a plurality of electrical terminals configured for being respectively coupled to a plurality of electrodes, a user interface configured for receiving input from a user that selects one of a plurality of different shapes of a modulating signal and/or selects one of a plurality of different electrical pulse parameters of an electrical pulse train, neuromodulation output circuitry configured for outputting an electrical pulse train to the plurality of electrical terminals, and pulse train modulation circuitry configured for modulating the electrical pulse train in accordance with the selected shape of the modulating signal and/or selected electrical pulse parameter of the electrical pulse train.

Provided is a device for relieving headache and pain caused by temporomandibular joint disorders may include: a body having a neck band surroundingly worn on a user's neck, first connectors extending forwardly from both ends of the neck band by first set lengths, and second connectors extending upwardly from front ends of the first connectors by second set lengths; first low frequency electrostimulators disposed on the second connectors and coming into close contact with the temporalis muscles, when the body is worn on the user's head, to apply low frequencies to the temporalis muscles; and second low frequency electrostimulators disposed on the connected portions between the first connectors and the second connectors and coming into close contact with the masseter muscles, when the body is worn on the user's head, to apply low frequencies to the masseter muscles.

Apparatus and methods for managing pain uses a multiplexed modulation/stimulation signal to provide pain relief during spinal cord stimulation or peripheral nerve stimulation.

Devices, systems, and techniques for controlling electrical stimulation therapy are described. In one example, a system may include processing circuitry configured to control a medical device to deliver a first electrical stimulation according to a first value of a first stimulation parameter of the plurality of stimulation parameters and a first value of a second parameter of the plurality of stimulation parameters, receive an input representative of an efficacy of the first electrical stimulation delivered to the patient according to the first value of the first stimulation parameter and the first value of the second parameter, select, based on the input and the relationship between the plurality of stimulation parameters, a second value of at least one of the first stimulation parameter or the second stimulation parameter, and control the medical device to deliver a second electrical stimulation according to the second value.

Apparatus and methods for managing pain uses separate varying electromagnetic fields, with a variety of temporal and amplitude characteristics, which are applied to a particular neural structure to modulate glial and neuronal interactions as a mechanism for relieving chronic pain. In another embodiment, a single composite modulation/stimulation signal which has rhythmically varying characteristics is used to achieve the same results as separate varying electromagnetic fields. Also, disclosed is an apparatus and method for modulating the expression of genes involved in diverse pathways including inflammatory/immune system mediators, ion channels and neurotransmitters, in both the Spinal Cord (SC) and Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG) where such expression modulation is caused by spinal cord stimulation or peripheral nerve stimulation using the disclosed apparatus and techniques. In one embodiment of multimodal modulation therapy, the prime signal may be monophasic, or biphasic, in which the polarity of the first phase of the biphasic prime signal may be either cathodic or anodic while the tonic signal may be either monophasic, or biphasic, with the polarity of the first phase of the biphasic tonic signal being either cathodic or anodic.