A bridge device includes a housing, a plurality of electrodes exposed outside of the housing such that at least two of the plurality of electrodes can be concurrently placed in contact with a patient's skin. A controller is disposed within the housing. A first communications module is operably coupled to the controller and to the at least two of the plurality of electrodes. The first communications module is configured to allow the controller to communicate with an implantable medical device via at least two of the plurality of electrodes using conducted communication. A second communications module is operably coupled to the controller and is configured to allow the controller to communicate with a remote device external to the patient.

A method of localizing brain regions for the purpose of guiding placement of electrodes and related implants is disclosed. The inventive method involves effecting a pulse in a patient's brain, temporally aligning readings taken from an electrode at various depths, measuring local field potentials at each depth during interstimulus intervals, performing a coherence analysis comparing the local field potential measurements of the different depths, and determining a corresponding brain region for the depths compared.

A device for locating target points on a magnetic resonance image of the brain of a subject includes a trained neural network configured to receive as input a 3D MR image of the brain of a subject, and to output the location, on the image, of at least one determined brain target point. The neural network includes a plurality of processing stages. Each processing stage processes an image at a respective resolution, and the processing stage of lowest resolution outputs an estimate of the location of each target point. Each other processing stage is configured to receive, from a lower resolution processing stage, an estimate of the locations of the target points, crop the input image to a smaller region surrounding each estimated target point, determine an updated estimate of the location of each target point, and provide the updated estimation to the processing stage of the next higher resolution.

A method for estimating neural activation arising from stimulation by a stimulation system includes identifying different neural elements stimulated by the stimulation; obtaining a neural response signal resulting from the stimulation by the stimulation system; and decomposing the neural response signal to estimate neural activation of each of the different neural elements.

A multi-type combination electrical stimulation method is for medical treatment of surface and internal infected tissues, surface wounds and ulcers, trauma injuries, abnormal plasia and fibrotic changes, and pain conditions. The multi-type electrotherapy system for non-invasive treatment of both surface and deep body bacterial and viral infections and wound healing includes a machine learning function optimization task algorithm, and a stimulation device electronically with the ability to generate carrier base waveforms with amplitude modulation of these waveforms by secondary frequencies. The ranges of such frequencies are base frequencies in the range of 1-20,000 Hz and modulating frequencies in the range of 1-200 Hz. The waveforms are generated by either direct digital synthesis (DDS) or digital to analogue (DAC) converter electronics.

Systems and methods are disclosed to permit a patient to use his external controller to move the location of stimulation in an implantable stimulator system. The external controller can be programmed with a steering algorithm, which prompts the patient to enter certain data regarding their symptoms (e.g., pain), such as pain scores and stimulation coverage. Such data is preferably entered for a plurality of different regions of the patient's body. The algorithm can compute for each body regions a targeting precision value (TP), and from these values determine a steering vector D that suggests a direction and/or a magnitude that stimulation can be moved in the electrode array to more precisely target the patient's pain. The patient may then move the location of the stimulation in accordance with the steering vector using their external controller. The algorithm can be repeated if necessary to again move the stimulation.

An electrical stimulation system includes at least one electrical stimulation lead having stimulation electrodes; and a processor coupled to the at least one electrical stimulation lead to perform actions, including: directing delivery of at least one stimulation pulse to tissue of a patient during each charge injection phase, where each consecutive pair of the charge injection phases is separated by a charge recovery phase; and, for at least one stimulation pulse: during delivery of the stimulation pulse, directing application of at least one charge recovery pulse to interrupt the delivery of the stimulation pulse, where each one of the at least one charge recovery pulse has a relative amplitude that is larger in magnitude than an amplitude of the stimulation pulse; and, after application of the charge recovery pulse, directing resumption of delivery of the stimulation pulse at the amplitude of the stimulation pulse.

A stimulation system includes a device programmed with user-specified routines for operation of a pulse generator, where the user-specified routines are activatable in response to information received from a source external to the pulse generator, The device includes a memory, a communication unit, and at least one processor coupled to the memory and the communication unit and configured to perform actions, including receiving, using the communication unit, information provided from the source external to the pulse generator and external to the patient, when the information meets an activation criterion for a one of the user-specified routines, activating the user-specified routine to deliver or halt delivery of stimulation to the patient according to the user-specified routine, and upon completion of the user-specified routine or meeting a termination condition, halting the user-specified routine.

Devices, systems, and techniques for monopolar recording of sensed electrical signals are disclosed. An example device includes sensing circuitry configured to sense electrical signals from a first plurality of electrode combinations, each of the first plurality of electrode combinations comprising a same reference electrode of the plurality of electrodes and at least one different sense electrode of the plurality of electrodes, the plurality of electrodes being associated with one or more leads. The example device includes processing circuitry configured to record the sensed electrical signals from the first plurality of electrode combinations. The processing circuitry is also configured to provide representations of the recorded sensed electrical signals.

Damaged, diseased, abnormal, obstructive, cancerous or undesired neural tissue treated by delivering specialized pulsed electric field (PEF) energy to target tissue areas. In some instances, the target tissue includes a tumor, a benign tumor, a malignant tumor, a cyst, or an area of diseased tissue. Most brain and spinal cord tumors develop from glial cells. These tumors are sometimes referred to as a group called gliomas. They arise from the supporting cells of the brain, called the glia. These cells are subdivided into astrocytes, ependymal cells and oligodendroglial cells (or oligos). One difficulty in the treatment of gliomas is that they are behind the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and blood-tumor barrier (BTB) which leads to poor delivery of anti-cancer drugs or immune agents to the tumor-infiltrated brain. Devices, systems and methods are provided that treat the tumor directly, such as by ablation, and optionally transiently disrupt the BBB coupled with adjuvant antibody, biologic, or other pharmaceutical interventions.