A pulse generator includes charging circuitry configured to provide electrical power to the pulse generator. The pulse generator includes communication circuitry configured to conduct wireless telecommunications with external programming devices. The telecommunications contain programming instructions sent from the external programming devices. The pulse generator includes stimulation circuitry configured to generate electrical pulses based on the programming instructions. The electrical pulses include a first component that is paresthesia-inducing and a second component that is non-paresthesia-inducing.

An implantable medical device (IMD) includes multiple stimulation engines for independently stimulating respective electrode sets of a lead system while avoiding collisions and/or channel contention during stimulation delivery. A first voltage multiplier is configured to generate an adjustable target voltage having sufficient headroom at an output node that is commonly coupled to anodic nodes of respective stimulation engines. Each stimulation engine includes a secondary voltage multiplier to drive the respective anode and a current regulator powered by a floating voltage supply, wherein the current regulator is coupled to a cathodic node and configured to control how much stimulation current is pulled from the patient tissue.

Techniques are described to determine a location of at least one oscillatory signal source in a patient. Processing circuitry may determine expected electrical signal levels based on a hypothetical location of the at least one oscillatory signal source. Processing circuitry may determine the electrical signal levels and determine an error value based on the expected electrical signal levels and the determined electrical signal levels. Processing circuitry may adjust the hypothetical location of the at least one oscillatory signal source until the error value is less than or equal to a threshold value, including the example where the error value is minimized.

The subject matter of the present disclosure generally relates to techniques for neuromodulation of lymphatic tissue that include applying one or more energy pulses to a neuron of a subject, e.g., via an electrode positioned to deliver sufficient energy to the neuron, to modulate immune function. For example, an adaptive immune reflex of a subject may be modulated via neuromodulation

There is disclosed a device and method for delivering constant target current to a muscle for electro-stimulation of that muscle. One device is a completely self-contained device with no external means for the adjustment and control of the electro-stimulation delivered to the muscle during treatment. The microprocessor based device monitors indirectly the actual current delivered to the muscle during electro-stimulation via measurement of the return path voltage through the muscle and optionally in addition monitors and adjusts for the internal battery voltage during use of the device in order to deliver a more consistent an accurate and effective target output current to the muscle being stimulated at each and every pulse delivered from the device. The device is pre-programmed with an electro-stimulation treatment cycle and the whole treatment cycle, including the monitoring and adjustment required to achieve this treatment cycle, is automatic within the device.

An implantable pulse generator (IPG) is disclosed having a plurality of electrode nodes, each electrode node configured to be coupled to an electrode to provide stimulation pulses to a patient's tissue. The IPG includes a digital-to-analog converter configured to amplify a reference current to a first current specified by first control signals; a first resistance configured to receive the first current, wherein a voltage across the first resistance is held to a reference voltage at a first node; a plurality of branches each comprising a second resistance and configured to produce a branch current, wherein a voltage across each second resistance is held to the reference voltage at second nodes; and a switch matrix configurable to selectively couple any branch current to any of the electrode nodes via the second nodes.

Neuromodulation is used to enhance left ventricular relaxation and/or left ventricular contractility, during contemporaneous use of a mechanical circulatory support device to increase cardiac output or aid in unloading the heart. An exemplary neuromodulation system includes a therapy element positionable in proximity to at least one nerve fiber, and a stimulator configured to energize the therapy element to delivery therapy to the at least one nerve fiber such that left ventricular relaxation and left ventricular contractility are contemporaneously enhanced.

Some embodiments include a knee therapy system that includes a flexible garment or wrap that is electrically conductive, and a range-of-motion sensor coupled or integrated with the flexible garment or wrap. The sensor is coupled or integrated with the flexible garment or wrap, and includes a plurality of electrodes including an active electrode and a receiving electrode. The electrodes can be in physical contact with skin of a patient forming an electrical circuit with control electronics of the controller. The electrical circuit measures an electrical parameter using the active and receiving electrodes, and forms a closed loop electrical muscle stimulation system, where stimulation current or voltage is applied by the electrodes onto the skin between the active and receiving electrodes based on a program and an electrical parameter measured through the electrodes. An optical sensor or camera can be configured to track body joints of a user.

Passive tissue biasing circuitry in an Implantable Pulse Generator (IPG) is disclosed to facilitate the sensing of neural responses by holding the voltage of the tissue to a common mode voltage (Vcm). The IPG's conductive case electrode, or any other electrode, is passively biased to Vcm using a capacitor, as opposed to actively driving the (case) electrode to a prescribed voltage using a voltage source. Once Vcm is established, voltages accompanying the production of stimulation pulses will be referenced to Vcm, which eases neural response sensing. An amplifier can be used to set a virtual reference voltage and to limit the amount of current that flows to the case during the production of Vcm. In other examples, circuitry can be used to monitor the virtual reference voltage as useful to enabling the sensing the neural responses, and as useful to setting a compliance voltage for the current generation circuitry.

Provided herein is a method of blocking a nerve or neuron by applying an electrical stimulation to the nerve or neuron, wherein the electrical stimulation is of an intensity below the excitation threshold of the nerve or neuron for a length of time sufficient to produce a block of nerve conduction or neuron excitation.