A neurostimulation device, external programmer, or remote programming device may receive blood flow information relating to blood flow values from one or more blood flow sensing devices, either directly or via network connections, and perform, direct or control, based on the blood flow information, generation of neurostimulation efficacy information, information to assist in programming of one or more neurostimulation parameter, and/or automatic control of one or more neurostimulation stimulation parameters.

Methods and apparatus are disclosed relating to the stimulating of tissue including nerve tissue based on combinations of capacitors and resistors. Application and removal of voltage to an electrical circuit is taught as part of a method of creating voltage waveforms for nerve and other tissue with such waveforms creating neural signals. The electrical apparatus taught may, include a first electrical node grounded through a first resistor; a second electrical node grounded through a second resistor; a first capacitor connected to both the first electrical node and the second electrical node; a second capacitor separating the second electrical node from a biological grounding point and direct current sources connected to the two nodes.

A method comprises generating, by an implantable stimulator, stimulation sessions at a duty cycle that is less than 0.05 and applying, by the implantable stimulator, the stimulation sessions to a patient. The duty cycle is a ratio of T3 to T4. Each stimulation session included in the stimulation sessions has a duration of T3 minutes and occurs at a rate of once every T4 minutes.

Methods and apparatuses for setting a therapeutic dose of a neuromodulator implanted into a patient. The therapeutic dose typically includes a therapeutic dose duration including a ramp-up time to reach a peak modulation voltage and a sustained peak modulation time during which the voltage is sustained at the peak modulation voltage. The methods and apparatuses may use a testing ramp to identify a peak modulation voltage that is patient-specific and provides a maximized therapeutic effect while remaining comfortably tolerable by the patient during the application of energy by the neuromodulator.

A system for stimulating phrenic nerves to provide smooth breathing patterns is provided. More specifically, by identifying contraction threshold voltages for muscles associated with each of the left and right portions of a patient's diaphragm, a phrenic nerve pacing signal customized for each phrenic nerve may be provided to a patient. More specifically, a voltage of a pacing voltage provided to a first phrenic nerve may be less than the contraction threshold while a voltage of a pacing voltage provided to a second phrenic nerve may be greater than the contraction threshold.

Pulse pattern detecting circuitry for use with a fractional voltage multiplier of a neurostimulation system is provided. The pulse pattern detecting circuitry is configured to detect an initial overlap of a repeating pulse pattern, wherein the repeating pulse pattern is generated by a plurality of pulse engines that generate pulses at different frequencies, the initial overlap occurring when pulses generated by each of the plurality of pulse engines occur simultaneously, detect a subsequent overlap of the repeating pulse pattern, the subsequent overlap of the pulse pattern occurring when pulses generated by each of the plurality of pulse engines again occur simultaneously, detect a plurality of events between the initial overlap and the subsequent overlap, each event corresponding to at least one of the plurality of pulse engines generating a pulse, and record a voltage multiplier setting for each of the plurality of detected events.

A stimulation therapy system dynamically modifies therapy intensity based on measured neurotransmitter levels. In some examples, the system delivers, via an electrode implanted in a brain of a patient and stimulation circuitry, an electrical stimulus; monitors an electrical current generated by the stimulation circuitry to deliver the electrical stimulus; determines, based on the electrical current, a value representative of a concentration of dopamine in the brain of the patient; determines, based on the value representative of the concentration of dopamine, a value for one or more stimulation parameters that at least partially define electrical stimulation therapy; and delivers, via the electrode, the electrical stimulation therapy.

Implantable electrodes with power delivery wearable for treating sleep apnea, and associated systems and methods are disclosed herein. A representative system includes non-implantable signal generator worn by the patient and having an antenna that directs a mid-field RF power signal to an implanted electrode. The implanted electrode in turn directs a lower frequency signal to a neural target, for example, the patient's hypoglossal nerve. Representative signal generators can have the form of a mouthpiece, a collar or other wearable, and/or a skin-mounted patch.

An optimization algorithm is disclosed for optimizing an implantable pulse generator. The algorithm is particularly useful when one or more of the electrodes (e.g., the case electrode) is used to provide a common mode voltage (Vcm) to the tissue, which assists in sensing neural responses to the stimulation. The algorithm preferably optimizes both the compliance voltage VH used to power the simulation circuitry, and the strength of tissue driver circuitry used to provide Vcm to the tissue. The algorithm preferably considers information determined by VH measurement circuitry (which informs as to the ability to form prescribed stimulation pulses without loading), sensing monitoring circuitry (which informs as to the magnitude of the inputs of the sensing circuitry), and/or tissue monitoring circuitry (which informs as to adequacy of the strength of the tissue driver circuitry).

This disclosure is directed to devices, systems, and techniques for determining one or more phase relationships. A medical device system includes a memory and processing circuitry in communication with the memory. The processing circuitry is configured to receive a plurality of electrical signals which indicate a phase relationship between two or more tissue regions within a target area of neural tissue of a patient. Additionally, the processing circuitry is configured to determine, based on the plurality of electrical signals, the phase relationship between the two or more tissue regions, and compare the phase relationship with a target phase relationship for the two or more tissue regions within the target area. The processing circuitry is further configured to determine, based on the comparison, one or more parameters of stimulation for delivery to the patient and cause a therapy delivery circuit to determine the stimulation.