Electrical stimulation of neural activity in the neural innervation of the spleen that is associated with neurovascular bundles provides a useful way to treat acute medical conditions, such as trauma, hemorrhaging, shock, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), severe respiratory distress syndrome (SARS), and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19).

In various embodiments electrical stimulators are provided for transcutaneous and/or epidural stimulation. In certain embodiments the stimulator provides one or more channels configured to provide one or more of the following stimulation patterns: i) monophasic electrical stimulation with a DC offset; ii) monophasic electrical stimulation with charge balance; iii) delayed biphasic electrical stimulation with a DC offset; iv) delayed biphasic electrical stimulation with charge balance; v) amplitude modulated dynamic stimulation; and/or vi) frequency modulated dynamic stimulation.

Described is a low voltage, pulsed electrical stimulation device for upregulating expression of klotho, a useful protein, by tissues. Also described are methods of enhancing expression of klotho in cells.

Disclosed is a device for modulating a nerve of a patient by applying electrical stimulation to the nerve of the patient. The device includes a stimulation module that applies a signal to the nerve of the patient, and a controller that controls a signal to be applied to the stimulation module, wherein the signal to be applied to the stimulation module includes pulse bursts and a direct current (DC) waveform.

Disclosed are various examples and embodiments of systems, devices, components and methods configured to rehabilitate or strengthen one or more muscles in a patient, and to reduce pain sensed by the patient, through a unique combination of electrical stimulation signals delivered to one or more target peripheral nerves. Medical electrical lead(s) comprising electrode(s) are positioned adjacent to, in contact with, or in operative positional relationship to, one or more target peripheral nerves of the patient. The target peripheral nerves typically comprise motor and sensory nerves. In one embodiment, first stimulation signals having a first range of frequencies are delivered through the electrode(s) to the target nerves to rehabilitate muscles enervated by the motor nerves. Second stimulation signals having a second range of frequencies are delivered through the electrode(s) to the target nerves to provide pain relief to the patient. The first range of frequencies is lower than the second range of frequencies.

An example of a system includes a blood pressure modulation device and a controller. The blood pressure modulation device may be configured to deliver a therapy to chronically maintain blood pressure within a prescribed range. The blood pressure modulation device may include a neuromodulator configured to deliver neuromodulation energy to neural tissue in a spinal cord or near the spinal cord using a first parameter set. The controller may include analyzer circuitry configured to determine an actual or anticipated blood pressure demand event indicated for a blood pressure change, and therapy parameter adjuster circuitry configured to respond to the actual or anticipated blood pressure demand event by delivering neuromodulation energy using a second parameter set to change the blood pressure.

A blood pressure controlling apparatus includes an acquiring part configured to acquire biological information indicating blood pressure of a subject, a producing part configured to produce a frequency modulated pulse train on the basis of the biological information, and a supplying part configured to supply an electrical current on the basis of the frequency modulated pulse train, to an electrode attached on the subject. The electrical current stimulates baroreceptor afferent nerves of the subject.

This disclosure is directed to devices, systems, and techniques for managing storing sensed information. In some examples, a system includes a memory and processing circuitry. The processing circuitry may be configured to receive evoked compound action potential (ECAP) information, wherein the ECAP information comprises information from a plurality of evoked compound action potential (ECAP) signals, receive a trigger signal requesting long-term storage of at least a portion of the ECAP information in the memory, and responsive to receiving the trigger signal, store the at least portion of the ECAP information in the memory.

Stimulation treatments for various medical disorders, such as neurological disorders, comprise novel systems, strategies, and methods for providing TMS, electrical, magnetic, optical and other stimulation modalities. Some stimulation methods comprise varying the stimulation parameters to improve the therapeutic efficacy of stimulation and decrease risk of habituation and side-effects such as interference with normal brain, sensory, motor, and cognitive processes. The creation, and subsequent variation, of stimulation parameters can use sensed data in order to match, adjust, or avoid matching characteristics of the stimulation therapy relative to certain endogenous brain activities. Novel methods are described for choosing, creating and subsequently stimulating with partial signals which summate to produce therapeutic vector fields having unique temporal patterns and low- or high-frequency spectral content. Improvements for the treatment of pain are disclosed.

Disclosed herein is a method for electrical nerve (510) stimulation, the method comprising: generating an electrical stimulation pattern (100) comprising a plurality of successive pulse trains (110), wherein each pulse train (110) has a pulse train amplitude (111); delivering the electrical stimulation pattern (100) to a subjects hypoglossal nerve (510) with a stimulator (300) having at least one electrode (310); modulating the electrical stimulation pattern (100), wherein modulation of the electrical stimulation pattern (100) comprises gradually increasing the pulse train amplitude (111) from one pulse train (110) to a successive pulse train (110) at stimulation onset (101) until a determined target stimulation amplitude (130) is reached; characterized in that modulation of the electrical stimulation pattern (100) further comprises decreasing the target stimulation amplitude (130) to a defined step-down amplitude (140) within each pulse train (110) after the target stimulation amplitude (130) was reached.