A computer brain interface (CBI) device of an individual applies a burst sequence of stimulation pulses to afferent sensory nerve fibers to elicit a bioelectric response via a neurostimulation interface operably connected to or integrated with the CBI device. The neurostimulation interface senses the bioelectric responses of the stimulated afferent sensory nerve fibers. The CBI device derives, based on the sensed bioelectric responses, a neural excitability profile characterizing a non-linear, dynamic excitation behavior of the afferent sensory neurons corresponding to the applied sequence of stimulation pulses. At least one stimulation parameter of the current set of stimulation parameters is adjusted based on the derived excitability profile to obtain an updated set of stimulation parameters.

Disclosed are various examples and embodiments of systems, devices, components and methods configured to treat mood disorders in a patient using a compact implantable neurostimulator and corresponding lead(s) that are shaped, sized and configured to be implanted beneath a patient's skin in the head or neck, and to stimulate one or more target cranial nerves. The one or more medical electrical leads comprising electrode(s) are positioned adjacent to, in contact with, or in operative positional relationship to, the one or more target cranial nerves of the patient. In some embodiments, electrical stimulation is provided to the one or more target cranial nerve(s) of the patient for periods of time ranging between 30 and 60 minutes, once or twice per day. In some embodiments, power is provided to the implantable neurostimulator transcutaneously by inductive, wireless, RF, acoustic, microwave, or other suitable non-invasive means.

The present specification discloses devices and methodologies for the treatment of GERD. Individuals with GERD may be treated by implanting a stimulation device within the patient's lower esophageal sphincter and applying electrical stimulation to the patient's lower esophageal sphincter, in accordance with certain predefined protocols. The presently disclosed devices have a simplified design because they do not require sensing systems capable of sensing when a person is engaged in a wet swallow, have improved energy storage requirements, enable improved LES function while concurrently delivering additional health benefits, and enable improved LES function post stimulation termination.

A method of neurostimulation includes applying a probe signal to an electrode implanted in or near a target neural structure of the brain. The method further includes detecting a first response from the target neural structure evoked by the probe signal and determining a first time period between application of the probe signal and a first temporal feature of the response. Further, the method includes generating a therapeutic signal comprising a plurality of pulses, at least two of the plurality of pulses separated by the first time period, and applying the therapeutic signal to the electrode or another electrode implanted in or near the target neural structure.

Implementations described and claimed herein provide paddle leads for dorsal root ganglia (DRG) stimulation and methods of implanting the same. In one implementation, the paddle lead has a small profile facilitating deployment into a target space in the neuroforamen dorsal to the DRG and below the vertebral lamina. A paddle body of the paddle lead may include a living hinge and/or a contoured profile to further facilitate implantation in the target space. For suture assisted deployment as well as to resist migration of the paddle lead once deployed, the paddle lead may include a suture loop configuration. The paddle lead further includes an electrode array having electrode contacts arranged in a two dimensional configuration pattern to create an electrical field optimized for stimulation of the DRG.

This disclosure is directed to devices, systems, and techniques for delivering electrical stimulation. In some examples, a system includes processing circuitry configured to: receive information representative of a bioelectric brain signal recorded from a brain of a patient; and determine, based on the information, at least one pathological frequency of the bioelectric brain signal. Additionally, the processing circuitry is configured to select, based on the at least one pathological frequency, a sequence of pulse bursts at a pulse burst frequency, the sequence of pulse bursts at least partially defining electrical stimulation deliverable to an area of a brain of a patient, wherein adjacent pulse bursts within the sequence comprise different intra-burst pulse frequencies; and control a medical device to deliver the electrical stimulation comprising the sequence of pulse bursts to the area of the brain of the patient.

There is provided a neural interface device for unidirectional stimulation of a nerve including at least one A-type nerve fiber or at least one at least partially myelinated nerve fiber. The device includes an electrode arrangement for placing on or around the nerve. The electrode arrangement includes a first electrode configured to be positively charged and a second electrode configured to be negatively charged, where the surface area of the second electrode is larger than the surface area of first electrode.

Apparatus is provided that includes a two-dimensional arrangement (70) of extracranial electrodes (30), configured to be placed outside and in electrical contact with a skull of a subject identified as at risk of or suffering from a disease; and a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) electrode (32), configured to be implanted in a ventricular system of a brain of the subject. Control circuitry is configured to drive the extracranial and the CSF electrodes (30, 32) to clear a substance from brain parenchyma of the subject into at least one region of the brain selected from the group consisting of: a subarachnoid space of the brain and dural sinuses of the brain. Other embodiments are also described.

A system for stimulating a tissues to obtain therapeutic effects, such as pain relief. The system can include stimulating leads that are operably coupled to a control unit. The control unit can include processors for generating desired waveform pattern of electrical pulses. The system can further include magnetic sensors to measure the magnetic fields generated by action potentials in the excited tissue and using the measured magnetic field to optimize the neurostimulation pattern.

Techniques are disclosed for implementing the use of electrically evoked compound action potentials (ECAPs) to adaptively adjust parameters of high frequency electrical stimulation. In one example, a medical device delivers electrical stimulation therapy comprising a train of electrical stimulation pulses to a patient, wherein the train of electrical stimulation pulses comprises a pulse frequency greater than or equal to 500 Hertz. After delivering the train of electrical stimulation pulses, the medical device ceases delivery of the high frequency electrical stimulation therapy for a predetermined period of time. During the predetermined period of time, the medical device senses an ECAP from the patient and determines, based on the sensed ECAP, a value of a parameter at least partially defining the train of electrical stimulation pulses. Responsive to the predetermined period of time elapsing, the medical device resumes delivery of the high frequency electrical stimulation according to the determined parameter.