Cardiac pacing is performed using leadless pacemakers (LPs). An AV delay is determined based on a P-wave duration. When pacing occurs during cardiac cycles starting with intrinsic atrial events, the AV delay is set to the P-wave duration plus a first offset if the P-wave duration is greater than a first threshold duration, and the AV delay is set to the P-wave duration plus a second offset that is greater than the first offset, if the P-wave duration is less than the first threshold duration. When pacing occurs during cardiac cycles starting with paced atrial events, the AV delay is set to the P-wave duration plus a third offset, if the P-wave duration is greater than a second threshold duration, or is set to the P-wave duration plus a fourth offset that is greater than the third offset, if the P-wave duration is less than the second threshold duration.

Methods and systems are provided for a rate adaptive bi-ventricular fusion pacing. The methods and systems deliver a first pulse at a left ventricular (LV) lead and a second pulse at a right ventricular (RV) lead based on a paced atrio-ventricular (AV) delay. The first pulse timed to be delivered concurrently with an intrinsic ventricular conduction. The methods and systems further repeat the delivery of the first pulse and the second pulse for a predetermined number of cycles. Additionally, the methods and systems measure an intrinsic AV conduction interval, and adjust the paced AV delay based on the intrinsic AV conduction interval and a negative hysteresis delta.

A system and method are provided for managing atrial-ventricular (AV) delay adjustments. An AV interval is measured that corresponds to an interval between an atrial paced (Ap) event or an atrial sensed (As) event and a sensed ventricular (Vs) event. A candidate AV delay is set based on the AV interval and a bundle branch adjustment (BBA) value. A QRS characteristic of interest (COI) is measured while utilizing the candidate AV delay in connection with delivering a pacing therapy. The BBA value is adjusted and the candidate AV delay is reset based on the BBA value as adjusted. A collection of QRS COIs and corresponding candidate AV delays are obtained and one of the candidate AV delays is selected as a BBA AV delay. The pacing therapy is managed, based on the BBA AV delay.

Systems and methods for controlling blood pressure by controlling atrial pressure and atrial stretch are disclosed. In some embodiments, a stimulation circuit may be configured to deliver a stimulation pulse to at least one cardiac chamber of a heart of a patient, and at least one controller may be configured to execute delivery of one or more stimulation patterns of stimulation pulses to the at least one cardiac chamber, wherein at least one of the stimulation pulses stimulates the heart such that an atrial pressure resulting from atrial contraction of an atrium overlaps in time a passive pressure build-up of the atrium, such that an atrial pressure of the atrium resulting from the stimulation is a combination of the atrial pressure resulting from atrial contraction and the passive pressure build-up and is higher than an atrial pressure of the atrium would be without the stimulation, and such that the blood pressure of the patient is reduced.

A medical device system and associated method predict a patient response to a cardiac therapy. The system includes for delivering cardiac pacing pulses to a patient's heart coupled to a cardiac sensing module and a cardiac pacing module for generating cardiac pacing pulses and controlling delivery of the pacing pulses at multiple pace parameter settings. An acoustical sensor obtains heart sound signals. A processor is enabled to receive the heart sound signals, derive a plurality of heart sound signal parameters from the heart sound signals, and determine a trend of each of the plurality of heart sound signal parameters with respect to the plurality of pace parameter settings. An external display is configured to present the trend of at least one heart sound parameter with respect to the plurality of pace parameter settings.

Some embodiments of pacing systems employ wireless electrode assemblies to provide pacing therapy. The wireless electrode assemblies may wirelessly receive energy via an inductive coupling so as to provide electrical stimulation to the surrounding heart tissue. In certain embodiments, the wireless electrode assembly may include one or more biased tines that shift from a first position to a second position to secure the wireless electrode assembly into the inner wall of the heart chamber.

A method, system and device for monitoring and treating conditions of a mammalian heart, among which may include bradyarrhythmias, tachyarrhythmias and heart failure, the device being configured as a pacemaker that harvests energy as it implements the pacemaker functions to treat and monitor conditions of the heart. The pacemaker has a case, electrical circuitry sealed within the case, an electrode that is electrically coupled to the electrical circuitry, and embodiments may include a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) for harvesting and converting the kinematic energy of the heart into electrical energy. Embodiments provide receivers at locations of the heart which sense heart activity and are controlled with pacing circuitry to deliver electrical impulses at locations and time intervals to replicate the contractions of a normal functioning heart. Further embodiments provide a multi-part pacemaker where case-connectable electrode part may be implanted separately from the case part.

Systems and methods for monitoring and treating patients with heart failure (HF) are discussed. The system may sense cardiac signals, and receives information about patient physiological or functional conditions. A stimulation parameter table that includes recommended values of atrioventricular delay (AVD) or other timing parameters maybe created at a multitude of patient physiological or functional conditions. The system may periodically reassess patient physiological or functional conditions. A therapy programmer circuit may dynamically switch between left ventricular-only pacing and biventricular pacing, or switch between single site pacing and multisite pacing based on the patient condition. The therapy programmer circuit may adjust AVD and other timing parameters using the cardiac signal input and the stored stimulation parameter table. A HF therapy may be delivered according to the determined stimulation site, stimulation mode, and the stimulation timing.

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) delivered to a heart of a patient may be adjusted based on detection of a surrogate indication of the intrinsic atrioventricular conduction of the heart. In some examples, the surrogate indication is determined to be a sense event of the first depolarizing ventricle of the heart within a predetermined period of time following the delivery of a fusion pacing stimulus to the later depolarizing ventricle. In some examples, the CRT is switched from a fusion pacing configuration to a biventricular pacing configuration if the surrogate indication is not detected, and the CRT is maintained in a fusion pacing configuration if the surrogate indication is detected.

Cardiac pacing is performed using leadless pacemakers (LPs). An AV delay is determined based on a P-wave duration. When pacing occurs during cardiac cycles starting with intrinsic atrial events, the AV delay is set to the P-wave duration plus a first offset if the P-wave duration is greater than a first threshold duration, and the AV delay is set to the P-wave duration plus a second offset that is greater than the first offset, if the P-wave duration is less than the first threshold duration. When pacing occurs during cardiac cycles starting with paced atrial events, the AV delay is set to the P-wave duration plus a third offset, if the P-wave duration is greater than a second threshold duration, or is set to the P-wave duration plus a fourth offset that is greater than the third offset, if the P-wave duration is less than the second threshold duration.