An integrated sampling probe, valve and vaporiser (16) for a liquefied natural gas container is provided which comprises a vaporiser body (24) having a vaporisation chamber (66), a fluid inlet (40) in communication with the vaporisation chamber (66), a fluid outlet (58), and a vaporised-fluid flow path extending from the vaporisation chamber (66) to the fluid outlet (58). The fluid inlet (40) is formed as a critical orifice dimensioned to enable vaporisation of fluid passing into the vaporisation chamber (66), and there is a valve member (63) which is drivable to open and close the critical orifice, along with a heating assembly (50) for heating the valve member (63) to enable vaporisation of fluid passing through the critical orifice and into the vaporisation chamber (66). A sampling probe body (18) is also provided extending from the vaporiser body (24), the sampling probe body (18) having a sampling bore (36) which is in fluid communication with the fluid inlet (40).

A fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell stack, an evaporator for evaporating a mixture of methanol and water to be forwarded through a catalytic reformer for producing portions of free hydrogen. The fuel cell stack being composed of a number of proton exchange membrane fuel cells each featuring electrodes in form of an anode and a cathode for delivering an electric current. The system provides an enhanced system for evaporating the liquid fuel using a pre-evaporator, which partly evaporates the fuel, followed by a nozzle, which atomizes the fuel into a fine mist, before being passed to the final evaporation zone. This configuration ensures minimal fuel accumulation in the system and fast load transition's.

A fuel cell system comprising a fuel cell stack, an evaporator for evaporating a mixture of methanol and water to be forwarded through a catalytic reformer for producing portions of free hydrogen. The fuel cell stack being composed of a number of proton exchange membrane fuel cells each featuring electrodes in form of an anode and a cathode for delivering an electric current. The liquid fuel using a. pre-evaporator, which. partly evaporates the fuel, followed by a. nozzle, which atomizes the fuel into a fine mist, before being passed to the final evaporation zone. This configuration ensures that liquid fuel for producing thermal, neat is converted into a form that facilitates a burner to achieve a quick heating up of the fuel, cell system into production mode.

Provided herein are methods, systems, and devices for the vapor phase delivery of high purity process gases to a critical process or application.

The method for producing a vapor composition containing lactic acid of the present invention is capable of suppressing the generation of by-products such as acetaldehyde and carbon monoxide due to pyrolysis of a lactic acid species during vaporization. Furthermore, a lactic acid oligomer generated can be effectively used without loss, and a vapor composition containing lactic acid can be industrially efficiently produced stably for a long time. The present invention relates to a method for producing a vapor composition containing lactic acid including: feeding a liquid composition containing lactic acid to a vaporizer; mixing the liquid composition with a liquid composition containing a lactic acid oligomer contained in the vaporizer to prepare a liquid mixture; and heating the liquid mixture to vaporize part of the liquid mixture, whereby a vapor composition containing lactic acid is produced.

An evaporator (1) for vaporizing a substance into its gaseous form, which comprises at least a plate pack (4) functioning as an evaporator and a droplet separator arranged inside the outer casing. An outlet connection (6) for leading the vaporised substance out from the outer casing is arranged to an end plate of outer casing, and said outlet connection (6) is connected to a suction duct (10) arranged inside the outer casing in a longitudinal direction of the shell, and said suction duct (10) comprises openings (12) at the upper surface of the suction duct, wherein the droplet separator is constructed at both sides of the suction duct (10).

Methods and apparatus for vaporizing liquid from a liquid source into the surrounding environment, are disclosed, where the apparatus comprises at least one manifold comprising at least one liquid port formed by a through-hole and at least one ridge structure, wherein the liquid port is in fluid communication with the liquid source and the one ridge structure At least one vaporization port is included in a planar structure connecting a first side of the structure to a second side, in fluid communication with the at least one ridge structure and the surrounding environment, wherein fluid flow through the liquid and vaporization ports is substantially perpendicular to the plane of the structure, and the ridge structures are substantially parallel to the plane of the structure. At least one heating element is present that is in thermal communication to the at least one vaporization port and at least one ridge structure.

A water vapor generating apparatus includes a chamber having an inner space defined therein; a space partitioning member including a first partitioning portion, and a second partitioning portion, wherein the space partitioning member divides the inner space into a water vapor discharge space and a heating space; a first evaporation tube disposed in the heating space and in a coil shape surrounding the second partitioning portion; a second evaporation tube disposed in the heating space and in a coil shape surrounding the first evaporation tube; an inner cage disposed between the first evaporation tube and the second evaporation tube, wherein the inner cage presses against the first evaporation tube toward the second partitioning portion; and an outer cage surrounding the second evaporation tube, wherein the outer cage presses against the second evaporation tube toward the first evaporation tube.

A reaction gas supply system includes a reaction chamber configured to process a substrate using a reaction gas, a mass flow controller (MFC) configured to control an amount of the reaction gas supplied to the reaction chamber, a tank between the reaction chamber and the MFC, the tank having a cylindrical inner space configured to store the reaction gas, and an outlet portion configured to discharge the reaction gas from the tank, and a valve between the tank and the reaction chamber, the outlet portion of the tank having a gradually decreasing diameter toward the valve.

A device for generating a decontaminating agent vapor, in particular hydrogen peroxide vapor, comprising a single- or multipart evaporator body (1); a heating device for heating the evaporator body (1); at least one supply channel, preferably multiple supply channels, for supplying a liquid decontaminating agent to be evaporated, in particular hydrogen peroxide, to at least one of multiple blind holes (7, 8, 9, 10) arranged in the evaporator body (1); and a flow channel (2) which is arranged above the upper blind holes edges (11, 12, 13, 14) of the blind holes (7, 8, 9, 10) and which connects a carrier medium inlet (3) to an outlet (4) in a gas-conductive manner for a gaseous carrier medium, in particular air, in order to discharge the decontaminating agent vapor through the outlet (4) in a flow direction of the carrier medium. According to the invention, at least two of the blind holes (7, 8, 9, 10), preferably all of the blind holes (7, 8, 9, 10), are fluidically connected together at a distance from the respective upper blind hole edges (11, 12, 13, 14).