A rectification column for multi-component mixture separation with internal heat and mass exchange, which ensures a heat and mass exchange in the film mode with internal reflux generation along the whole length of heat and mass exchange tubes and which allows for an increased efficiency, is proposed. The rectification column includes the rectifying/enriching section with the heat and mass exchange in its tubular and annular spaces being topped by a heat carrier distributor with a distributor chamber (17) on top of the heat carrier distributor in such a way that a higher pressure of fluid heat carrier in the distributor chamber (17) than in the annular space is allowed. The design of the distributor allows to separate an upper outlet for heat carrier vapors and a lower outlet for liquid heat carrier from the annular space completely from the fluid supply of fluid heat carrier in the distributor chamber. A feed-in device allows the multi-component mixture to enter the tubular spaces from below. A device for liquid phase (from the multi-component mixture) discharge from the rectification column. A heating medium vessel may be connected to the annular space and steam condenser of the heat carrier medium. One or more additional lower rectification section/s (19) with the heat and mass exchange in its tubular space of the tubes being aligned with the tubes may be provided directly below the enriching section. A steaming section, wherein the tubes and may be equipped with turbulators. The rectification column permits to extract intermediate fractions of the separated mixture with the help of appropriate devices installed below the enriching section.

An evaporation device including an agitation vessel to which raw material liquid is supplied. The agitation vessel has a volatile component outlet and a concentrate outlet, a jacket provided on an outer circumference and configured to heat an inner wall, and a liquid-distributing portion configured to cause the raw material liquid to flow down the inner wall. The agitation vessel includes storage portion surrounded by a bottom, the inner wall, and a partition wall portion configured to temporarily store the raw material liquid that flows down, the liquid-distributing portion is constituted by a rotating shaft and at least one channel part having a flow passage which, as the rotating shaft rotates, the raw material liquid temporarily stored in the storage portion flows upward from a lower side of the agitation vessel. The channel part is mounted to the rotating shaft, and the concentrate outlet is provided in the bottom.

A desalination apparatus that includes: a water-repellent particle layer that is located below a water tank, contains water-repellent particles, and allows passage of water vapor generated by evaporation of the liquid stored in the water tank, the water tank being a space for storing the liquid; and a liquefying layer that is located below the water-repellent particle layer, and liquefies the water vapor that has passed through the water-repellent particle layer to obtain the fresh water. The water-repellent particle layer includes: a first layer that contains first water-repellent particles among the water-repellent particles, and faces the water tank; and a second layer that contains second water-repellent particles among the water-repellent particles, and is provided below the first layer. The second water-repellent particles have a larger average particle size than the first water-repellent particles.

A water purification system can include an enclosed chamber having an evaporation region and a condensation region. The evaporation region can include an evaporation tower with a series of shelves to receive and increase a surface area of impure water while cascading downward from an upper shelf to lower shelves therebeneath as water evaporates therefrom to form water vapor within the enclosed chamber, and a fluid directing assembly to cyclically transport the impure water from a reservoir source to the upper shelf. The condensation region can include a purified water-receiving vessel and a plurality of water collectors. Individual water collectors of the plurality of water collectors can include an exterior surface coolable to a temperature below a dew point of air carrying the water vapor and shaped to channel water formed thereon by condensation to the purified water-receiving vessel.

A falling film evaporator includes a heat transfer tube bundle with a heat medium channeled to an interior, a tank with a refrigerant inflow port having the heat transfer tube bundle disposed in the tank, a liquid refrigerant sprinkling part arranged to drop liquid refrigerant onto the heat transfer tube bundle, a vapor outlet tube extending from an upper part of the tank, a cover having a portion positioned in a location inside the tank and higher than the liquid refrigerant sprinkling part, and an impeding member provided between the liquid refrigerant sprinkling part and the cover at a different position than the vapor outlet tube along the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer tubes. The impeding part impedes the flow of refrigerant that flows between the liquid refrigerant sprinkling part and the cover and flows in the longitudinal direction of the heat transfer tubes.

The present invention relates to apparatuses, systems, and methods to cleanse water contaminated with hydrocarbons, hydraulic fracturing fluids, volatile organic compounds, sulfurous compounds, crude oil, and other petroleum products. The products recovered with the invention can be returned to the source, stored, transported, sold, or otherwise reused.

A system is disclosed for drying a material to liberate a substance such as a liquid having a vapor pressure from solids and/or dissolved substances in the material. The system includes a plenum chamber and a blower providing a stream of air to the plenum chamber. An outlet communicates with the plenum chamber and a velocity accelerator is disposed downstream of the outlet. The velocity accelerator is arranged to receive air from the outlet of the plenum chamber into a progressively narrowing interior passageway terminating at a downstream choke point orifice. The choke point orifice discharges into a larger diameter discharge region. A throttle body is disposed in the discharge region and is selectively movable toward and away from the choke point orifice to decrease or increase the volume of the discharge region. A passageway is formed through the throttle body for receiving flashed material from the discharge region and conveying the material in a downstream direction. Also disclosed is a system for drying materials contained within a processing vessel wherein flash generators with vacuum throttles are used to maintain drying conditions within the vessel and to remove liberated substance from the processing vessel.

The invention relates to a field of open-flow solar collectors, and specifically to flat solar collectors with wetting the underneath sides of their solar radiation absorbing plates with liquid heat transfer medium. More specifically, the invention proposes the flat solar collector, which operates with relatively low flow rate of the heat transfer medium on the underneath side of the solar radiation absorbing plate, with flow in form of some rivulets. The invention describes some technical solutions, which restrict meandering rivulets' flow. The proposed flat solar collector can be applied for heating water or other liquids and for evaporation and concentration of aqueous solutions.

A solar distillation apparatus configured to produce a distillate from a source liquid mixture, including a base member defining at least one flow path, a transparent cover panel spaced apart from the base member to define a volume therebetween; and an intermediate panel positioned between the base member and the transparent cover panel to divide the volume into an evaporation chamber and a condensation chamber, wherein the evaporation chamber communicates with the condensation chamber, the flow path of the base member is configured to carry the source liquid mixture in a first direction in the evaporation chamber to increase evaporation of a liquid from the source liquid mixture, and the evaporated liquid is configured to flow from the evaporation chamber in a second and opposite direction into the condensation chamber where the evaporated liquid condenses into the distillate.

The present invention relates to apparatuses, systems, and methods to cleanse water contaminated with hydrocarbons, hydraulic fracturing fluids, volatile organic compounds, sulfurous compounds, crude oil, and other petroleum products. The products recovered with the invention can be returned to the source, stored, transported, sold, or otherwise reused.