The present invention relates to an apparatus and a method for evaporating liquids containing potentially explosive impurities of lower volatility than the actual liquid compound. The set-up of the evaporator according to the invention allows its operation with complete evaporation of a liquid without formation of a liquid sump of not yet evaporated liquid.

The invention relates to an arrangement for a latent-heat exchanger chamber, usable in distillation devices, which comprises an evaporator in a capillary evaporation regime on the inner face thereof and a condenser in a capillary condensation regime on the outer face thereof, with a system for the dosed supply of liquid into microgrooves or micro undulations of the inner evaporator face, preventing the formation of thin films of water on the evaporator face, the arrangement achieving high latent-heat transfer coefficients.

Embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for water treatment and/or desalination.

Embodiments of the invention provide systems and methods for water treatment and/or desalination.

A distributor (100), a falling film evaporator and a refrigerating system. The distributor includes: a sprayer (110), the top of the sprayer being connected to a falling film evaporator inlet (230), and the bottom of the sprayer being provided with spray holes (111); and an orifice plate (120) disposed at a lower end of the sprayer and provided with multiple distribution holes (121), wherein a centrifugal gas-liquid separating element is disposed in the sprayer and is configured to separate a refrigerant entering the sprayer through the evaporator inlet into a gas phase and a liquid phase. In the distributor, the centrifugal gas-liquid separating element is disposed in the sprayer, so that a two-phase refrigerant entering the sprayer through the evaporator inlet can be better separated under dual effects of the gravity and the centrifugal force.

An electrode sheet manufacturing method includes a first applying step, a second applying step, and a heating-pressing step. In the first and the second applying step, an electrode mixture material is applied on a first surface of a current collector foil. In the first applying step, the backup roll is rotated while being in contact with a second surface of the current collector foil, and the supplying roll is rotated while being supplied with the electrode mixture material in a powder state on the surface of the supplying roll. In addition, a potential difference is produced between these rolls, and the electrode mixture material is moved from the supply roll to the first surface of the current collector foil by an electrostatic force acting between the electrode mixture material and the current collector foil.

The invention provides several innovations relative to MVC thermal distillation methods and facilities in order to decrease their specific electricity consumption to values of only 2 to 4 kWh/m3 of distillate produced, as well as their manufacturing costs. The vapour transport system is reduced to its simplest expression and has a practically null total dynamic pressure loss. The compression system including the compressor motor) is completely integrated into the evaporator-condenser, installed in the inlet of the condensation zones, preferably provided with a system preventing overheating of the vapour, and driven at a high speed of rotation. Preferably, the auxiliary equipment is installed in the enclosure in a partial vacuum (hermetic chamber). According to one particular embodiment, the condensation zones have a section that decreases with the path of the vapour. The exchangers on the incoming and outgoing flows are supplied with continuously balanced heat loads. Heat losses are offset by auxiliary heating. Preferably, the facility can be made using a modular concept.

The invention provides several innovations relative to MVC thermal distillation methods and facilities in order to decrease their specific electricity consumption to values of only 2 to 4 kWh/m3 of distillate produced, as well as their manufacturing costs. The vapour transport system is reduced to its simplest expression and has a practically null total dynamic pressure loss. The compression system including the compressor motor) is completely integrated into the evaporator-condenser, installed in the inlet of the condensation zones, preferably provided with a system preventing overheating of the vapour, and driven at a high speed of rotation. Preferably, the auxiliary equipment is installed in the enclosure in a partial vacuum (hermetic chamber). According to one particular embodiment, the condensation zones have a section that decreases with the path of the vapour. The exchangers on the incoming and outgoing flows are supplied with continuously balanced heat loads. Heat losses are offset by auxiliary heating. Preferably, the facility can be made using a modular concept.

A zero discharge process for separating sludge and salt from desulfurization wastewater includes a pretreatment process, a membrane treatment process and an evaporative crystallization process; in the pretreatment process, the desulfurization wastewater enters a raw water tank, an aeration fan introduces compressed air into the raw water tank, and the wastewater is lifted to first-stage reaction and clarification by a raw water pump; in the membrane treatment process, the incoming wastewater is first filtered by ultrafiltration, then enters a pH adjustment tank, and is pumped into a nanofiltration membrane separation system and a reverse osmosis membrane separation system; in the evaporative crystallization process, the incoming wastewater is first subjected to two-stage preheating, then enters a degasser, and finally enters an evaporative concentration system and a crystallization system.

A zero discharge process for separating sludge and salt from desulfurization wastewater includes a pretreatment process, a membrane treatment process and an evaporative crystallization process; in the pretreatment process, the desulfurization wastewater enters a raw water tank, an aeration fan introduces compressed air into the raw water tank, and the wastewater is lifted to first-stage reaction and clarification by a raw water pump; in the membrane treatment process, the incoming wastewater is first filtered by ultrafiltration, then enters a pH adjustment tank, and is pumped into a nanofiltration membrane separation system and a reverse osmosis membrane separation system; in the evaporative crystallization process, the incoming wastewater is first subjected to two-stage preheating, then enters a degasser, and finally enters an evaporative concentration system and a crystallization system.