A device for heating a concentrate comprises a drying tower comprises a plurality of pressurized spray nozzles, a feed tank fluidly connected with an inlet of a low-pressure heat, a feed pump, and a high-pressure piston pump connected on an inlet side with the outlet of the low-pressure heat exchanger. A first high-pressure line section of the high-pressure line is configured to connect the outlet of the high-pressure piston pump with the inlet of the additional high-pressure heat exchanger. A second high-pressure line section of the high-pressure line is configured to connect the outlet of the additional high-pressure heat exchanger with the pressurized spray nozzles. A means for defined shear loading of the concentrate is located in an outlet-side channel and comprises an annular-shaped space.

A method for heating a concentrate in an installation for spray drying comprises increasing a pressure of the concentrate from a low pressure level at a flow temperature to a high pressure level. The concentrate is heated at a high pressure level to a spraying temperature using a high-pressure heat exchanger. The concentrate is shear loaded using a shearing device and immediately transferring the concentrate to a location of pressurized spraying, wherein a transfer time for the immediate transfer is determined by a fluidic effective distance between the shearing device and the location of the pressurized spraying.

Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to a heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration (HVAC&R) system that includes a refrigerant loop, a compressor disposed along the refrigerant loop and configured to circulate refrigerant through the refrigerant loop, and an evaporator disposed along the refrigerant loop and configured to place the refrigerant in thermal communication with a cooling fluid, where the refrigerant surrounds a tube bundle disposed in the evaporator, the tube bundle is configured to flow the cooling fluid, and the evaporator has a height based at least on a target height of a liquid level of refrigerant in the evaporator, the evaporator includes a discharge configured to direct the vapor refrigerant from the evaporator to an inlet of the compressor, and an interface between the discharge and the inlet is without a bend.

At least one aspect of the technology provides a self-contained processing facility configured to convert organic, high water-content waste, such as fecal sludge and garbage, into electricity while also generating and collecting potable water.

At least one aspect of the technology provides a self-contained processing facility configured to convert organic, high water-content waste, such as fecal sludge and garbage, into electricity while also generating and collecting potable water.

There is disclosed a desalinization apparatus, and methods related to desalinization. In an embodiment, a desalinization apparatus includes at least one port for receiving airflow therethrough, at least one port for receiving salt water therethrough, at least one output for providing outflow of pure water vapor, and at least one output for proving outflow of a mixture of water, salt and air; and a plurality of chambers for evaporating the salt water into the airflow, at least one of the chambers forming a plurality of ports arranged in a plurality of rows. In an embodiment, a method includes providing airflow to a desalinization apparatus; providing salt water to the desalinization apparatus; forming a vortex in the airflow to evaporate water vapor from the salt water; and providing the water vapor in the airflow to a condenser so as to obtain pure water.

There is disclosed a desalinization apparatus, and methods related to desalinization. In an embodiment, a desalinization apparatus includes at least one port for receiving airflow therethrough, at least one port for receiving salt water therethrough, at least one output for providing outflow of pure water vapor, and at least one output for proving outflow of a mixture of water, salt and air; and a plurality of chambers for evaporating the salt water into the airflow, at least one of the chambers forming a plurality of ports arranged in a plurality of rows. In an embodiment, a method includes providing airflow to a desalinization apparatus; providing salt water to the desalinization apparatus; forming a vortex in the airflow to evaporate water vapor from the salt water; and providing the water vapor in the airflow to a condenser so as to obtain pure water.

A desalination system that includes a plurality of evaporators that are fluidly connected in series, a primary compressor that is fluidly connected to the evaporators to provide a compressed vapor to the evaporators to run the desalination system, and a secondary compressor that is arranged in parallel relative to the primary compressor, wherein the secondary compressor extracts a portion of vapor from a first evaporator and/or one intermediate evaporator in the series and delivers the vapor to the first evaporator. Various combinations of embodiments of the desalination system are provided.

A desalination system that includes a plurality of evaporators that are fluidly connected in series, a primary compressor that is fluidly connected to the evaporators to provide a compressed vapor to the evaporators to run the desalination system, and a secondary compressor that is arranged in parallel relative to the primary compressor, wherein the secondary compressor extracts a portion of vapor from a first evaporator and/or one intermediate evaporator in the series and delivers the vapor to the first evaporator. Various combinations of embodiments of the desalination system are provided.

An apparatus for generating purified liquid from an input liquid, comprises, an evaporation chamber flooded with the input liquid and wherein the evaporation chamber generates saturated gases and comprises a shared wall with the condensation chamber and wherein the evaporation chamber is configured to generate evaporation cavities and condensation cavities on respective sides of the shared wall for a 2-phase counter flow of a liquid phase component and a gaseous phase component in composite flows for a 2-phase to 2-phase direct latent heat exchange. A condensation chamber has channels disposed in the input liquid, wherein liquid-saturated gases are generated therefrom in the evaporation chamber. The apparatus is operated as a four-port counter-flow heat exchanger where two different fluids are exchanging heat based on the inlet ports of both fluids being on opposite sides and the outlet ports of both fluids are also on opposite sides of the evaporator and condenser.