A closure includes a body extending longitudinally along a central longitudinal axis from a first, upper surface to a second, lower surface. The body defines a cavity extending into the body from the lower surface to a third, interior surface. The cavity is sized and shaped to receive a portion of a container therein. The body includes a shroud extending from the interior surface to the lower surface, and a container insert depending from the interior surface and positioned within the cavity. The container insert is sized and shaped to fit within an opening of the container. The body further includes an outlet flow path in fluid communication with the cavity, and at least one inlet flow path in fluid communication with the cavity. The at least one inlet flow path is positioned and oriented to generate a vortex gas flow within the container when connected thereto.

A waste water processing system includes an upflow contacting column having a flue gas input for receiving flue gas having a temperature of at least 500 degrees F., a waste water input, and a flue gas output. The waste water input is coupled to a fluid injector, e.g., atomizing nozzles, positioned in the throat of a Venturi portion of the upflow contacting column or in a sidewall of the throat of the Venturi portion of the upflow contacting column. The flue gas in the upflow contacting column has a high velocity, e.g., a gas velocity exceeding 65 fps in the throat of the Venturi portion of the upflow contacting column at a position where the fluid injector is located. Drying additives such as recycled ash, lime, and/or cement may be, and sometimes are, input into the upflow contacting column downstream of the waste water input.

A waste water processing system includes an upflow contacting column having a flue gas input for receiving flue gas having a temperature of at least 500 degrees F., a waste water input, and a flue gas output. The waste water input is coupled to a fluid injector, e.g., atomizing nozzles, positioned in the throat of a Venturi portion of the upflow contacting column or in a sidewall of the throat of the Venturi portion of the upflow contacting column. The flue gas in the upflow contacting column has a high velocity, e.g., a gas velocity exceeding 65 fps in the throat of the Venturi portion of the upflow contacting column at a position where the fluid injector is located. Drying additives such as recycled ash, lime, and/or cement may be, and sometimes are, input into the upflow contacting column downstream of the waste water input.

The present disclosure relates to an apparatus for removing residual monomers and, more specifically, to an apparatus for removing residual monomers, the apparatus being capable of preventing, during the removal of volatile materials by supplying a gas to a flowing distillation material, the formation of dead zones in which the distillation material does not flow or the flow rate thereof decreases. The apparatus for removing residual monomers, of the present disclosure, comprises: a main body capable of supplying a gas to a distillation material accommodated therein; distillation material supply part which is provided at the upper part of the main body and through which the distillation material is injected; a gas inflow part which is provided at the lower part of the main body and through which the gas is injected; a discharge part which is provided at the upper part of the main body, and which discharges volatile materials separated, by means of the gas, from the distillation material; a recovery part, which is provided at the lower part of the main body and recovers the distillation material from which the volatile materials have been removed; a plurality of trays which are provided inside the main body, and each of which has through-holes and a spiral channel; and a downcomer which is provided between the trays, and which is a moving passage through which the distillation material moves downward from the upper part of the main body.

A groundwater remediation system includes a capillary media supported and positioned such that it is partially submerged into a groundwater source to be remediated. Groundwater is drawn into the submerged portion of the capillary media and further into the non-submerged portion of the capillary material via natural capillary action. As the water evaporates from the non-submerged portion of the capillary media, the dissolved solids within the water precipitate onto the media leaving the precipitated solids for reclamation or disposal and allowing the cleaned water vapor to disperse into the ambient air. In some embodiments, heat may be added to the media, water, or air to accelerate the evaporative process.

A harmful substance removal system and method include a direct contact liquid concentrator having a gas inlet, a gas outlet, a mixing chamber disposed between the gas inlet and the gas outlet, and a liquid inlet for importing liquid into the mixing chamber. Gas and liquid mixing in the are mixed chamber and a portion of the liquid is vaporized. A demister is disposed downstream of the mixing chamber. The demister includes at least one stage of mist elimination having a first filter that removes particles greater than 9 microns. A fan is coupled to the demister to assist gas flow through the mixing chamber.

A harmful substance removal system and method include a direct contact liquid concentrator having a gas inlet, a gas outlet, a mixing chamber disposed between the gas inlet and the gas outlet, and a liquid inlet for importing liquid into the mixing chamber. Gas and liquid mixing in the are mixed chamber and a portion of the liquid is vaporized. A demister is disposed downstream of the mixing chamber. The demister includes at least one stage of mist elimination having a first filter that removes particles greater than 9 microns. A fan is coupled to the demister to assist gas flow through the mixing chamber.

A plant for concentrating a tartaric acid solution includes a first and a second evaporation unit arranged in series, a pump for feeding a diluted tartaric acid solution into the first evaporation unit, a barometric condenser placed downstream of the second evaporation unit, and a system for feeding a first low-temperature vapor into the first evaporation unit. A process for concentrating tartaric acid includes providing a plant according to the above description, performing a first concentration, by evaporation, of the diluted tartaric acid solution, inside the first evaporation unit, and performing a second concentration, by evaporation, of the partially concentrated tartaric acid solution from the first evaporation unit, inside the second evaporation unit. The plant and process for concentrating tartaric acid have the advantages of ensuring low energy consumption, allowing concentration of solutions tending to crystallization, and allowing the continuous measurement of the tartaric acid concentration to be concentrated.

A plant for concentrating a tartaric acid solution includes a first and a second evaporation unit arranged in series, a pump for feeding a diluted tartaric acid solution into the first evaporation unit, a barometric condenser placed downstream of the second evaporation unit, and a system for feeding a first low-temperature vapor into the first evaporation unit. A process for concentrating tartaric acid includes providing a plant according to the above description, performing a first concentration, by evaporation, of the diluted tartaric acid solution, inside the first evaporation unit, and performing a second concentration, by evaporation, of the partially concentrated tartaric acid solution from the first evaporation unit, inside the second evaporation unit. The plant and process for concentrating tartaric acid have the advantages of ensuring low energy consumption, allowing concentration of solutions tending to crystallization, and allowing the continuous measurement of the tartaric acid concentration to be concentrated.

Rapid evaporation of water for desalination and dewatering using nanobubbles and micro-droplets is disclosed. Warm nanobubbles of air are injected into seawater or another water source to be treated, and the normal stasis of the nanobubbles is disrupted with ultrasonic energy. The nanobubbles implode and violently recombine into microbubbles. Energized by the effects of the nanobubble state change, these energetic, relatively high surface area microbubbles bubbles quickly rise to the surface of the water, creating an aerosol of micro-water droplets above the surface that is drawn into a dry, warm stream of air and rapidly evaporates, precipitating out salt crystals. The air is then cooled with a chiller, condensing the moisture in the air into fresh water.