A process for enriching phosphorus and recovering vivianite by a biofilm method includes the following steps: 1) an aerobic phosphorus absorption stage; 2) an anaerobic phosphorus release stage; 3) a cyclic enrichment stage; 4) a seed crystal forming stage; and 5) a crystal forming stage. Phosphorus is enriched by the biofilm method and recovered with vivianite as a recovery product, which solves the problem of phosphorus removal from municipal sewage and improves the economic value; by preparing high dissolved oxygen at the aerobic stage, a high-concentration phosphorus recovery solution can be obtained with a relatively low carbon-phosphorus ratio and relatively high enrichment times, and the consumption of carbon sources can be reduced; since the oxidation-reduction potential is controlled to be less than −100 mv by the biofilm method at the anaerobic phosphorus release stage, the oxidation-reduction potential does not need to be adjusted again during the recovery of vivianite,

Disclosed is an external circulating slurry reactive crystallizer, including a riser, a degassing zone and a downcomer. A lower end of the riser is communicated with a gas inlet pipe, a liquid inlet pipe and a solid feeding pipe, while an upper end of the riser is communicated with a lower end of the degassing zone. An upper end of the downcomer is integrally fixed to a sidewall of the degassing zone. At least one hydrocyclone is arranged at a lower end of the downcomer. The hydrocyclone is provided with an overflow port at an upper end thereof and an underflow port and a valve at a lower end thereof. The overflow port is communicated with the riser. The crystallizer can simultaneously realize reaction, crystallization and separation for continuous production with low cost, regulating and controlling the particle size distribution and morphology of crystals.

Disclosed herein are embodiments of a method for making cannabidiol. Also disclosed herein are embodiments of a composition comprising cannabidiol and one or more GRAS components. The method and composition embodiments described herein address the drawbacks associated with conventional methods for making and/or isolating cannabidiol.

A method for crystallization of cannabinoids includes: providing a substantially pure cannabinoid isolate; dissolving the cannabinoid isolate in a crystallization solvent; removing solvent by evaporation until the solution reaches saturation; adding a seed crystal of said cannabinoid; maintaining a supersaturated solution throughout the recrystallization process by the continual evaporation of solvent throughout the crystallization process by incubating the solution under heat and/or vacuum and repeating this process until crystals of the desired size have been produced.

Methods and systems for treating brine to produce distilled water and dried NaCl are disclosed. The brine enters a crystallization plant and is heated. Once heated, the brine is circulated to an evaporator. The evaporator increases the concentration of NaCl in the brine to a point about the super saturation level. Once above the super saturation level, NaCl crystals are formed. The larger crystals are circulated to a centrifuge for drying and the smaller crystals are recirculated through the evaporator for continued growth. The NaCl crystals are dried in the centrifuge.

A chemical reaction device that supplies a raw material liquid into a solution and causes particles to precipitate in the solution is provided. The chemical reaction device includes an agitation tank configured to accommodate the solution, an impeller configured to agitate the solution, and a plurality of discharge parts configured to discharge the raw material liquid into the solution.

An etching solution recycling system for a wafer etching apparatus is provided. The etching solution recycling system includes a settling tank, a seed provider, and a fluid control unit. The settling tank is connected to an etching tank of the wafer etching apparatus and configured to receive an etching solution from the etching tank. The seed provider is configured to provide at least one seed crystal into the settling tank to reduce the silicate concentration in the etching solution in the settling tank. The fluid control unit is configured to deliver the etching solution in the settling tank back into the etching tank.

Provided is a technique for continuously performing poor solvent crystallization or reactive crystallization. A porous membrane in which multiple pores through which a liquid passes are formed internally partitions the treatment container into a first flow space and a second flow space. A raw material liquid supply unit continuously supplies a raw material liquid to the first flow space. A treatment liquid supply unit continuously supplies a treatment liquid to the second flow space at a pressure at which the treatment liquid passes through the porous membrane and enters the first flow space. An extraction unit continuously extracts a mixed liquid of the raw material liquid and the treatment liquid from the first flow space. An aging unit precipitates and grows crystals of a target substance from a mixed liquid.

Techniques for growing crystalline calcium carbonate solids such that the crystalline calcium carbonate solids include a volume of 0.0005 mm.sup.3 to 5 mm.sup.3, include a slaker to react quicklime (CaO) and a low carbonate content fluid to yield a slurry of primarily slaked lime (Ca(OH).sub.2); a fluidized-bed reactive crystallizer that encloses a solid bed mass and includes an input for a slurry of primarily slaked lime, an input for an alkaline solution and carbonate, and an output for crystalline calcium carbonate solids that include particles and an alkaline carbonate solution; a dewatering apparatus that includes an input coupled to the crystallizer and an output to discharge a plurality of separate streams that each include a portion of the crystalline calcium carbonate solids and alkaline carbonate solution; and a seed transfer apparatus to deliver seed material into the crystallizer to maintain a consistent mass of seed material.

The disclosure relates to a microfluidic system for the screening of polymorphs, morphology, and crystallization kinetics under well-mixed, continuous-flow at controlled supersaturations. The disclosure also relates to a method for screening crystalline polymorphs and morphology, and crystallization kinetics. The microfluidic system includes a microfluidic chamber having one or more inlets, a passive mixing zone, and a trap zone. The passive mixing zone promotes mixing of solvent, solute, and optionally antisolvent under stable, controlled levels of supersaturation. The trap zone similarly has stable, controlled levels of supersaturation and correspondingly low velocity to retain solute crystals formed in the trap zone for time-dependent evaluation.